Figure 3

Selected temporal patterns of plasma proteins levels. Distribution as well as median and interquartile range of protein levels according to Normalized Protein eXpression (NPX) levels. Each dot represents one individual sample. (a) The first temporal pattern is represented by Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), where higher plasma levels in ischemic stroke cases than controls are noted in the acute phase followed by a subsequent decrease over time in cases (p < 10−4, FDR < 10−4 for difference throughout). (b) The second pattern is represented by Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4), where lower levels are observed in the acute stroke phase (p = 1.18 × 10−14, FDR = 1.54 × 10−13 for difference vs. control levels, and p = 7.30 × 10−16, FDR = 3.16 × 10−15 compared to 3-month levels), followed by a subsequent normalization at 3-months and thereafter (p > 0.20 throughout). (c) Temporal patterns for Neuronal cell adhesion molecule (Nr-CAM) and (d) Brevican core protein (BCAN). For both Nr-CAM and BCAN, levels were statistically significantly altered in the acute stroke phase compared to controls, and between follow-up evaluations within cases (p < 0.001, FDR < 0.01 throughout).