Table 4 Effects of dietary mineral source and birth body weight (BBW) on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain, body weight, back fat thickness, and feed efficiency of dairy calves (n = 13 per treatment).

Item	NBW¹		LBW¹		SEM	Treatment effects²
Item	ACMS¹	IM¹	ACMS	IM	SEM	BBW	MS	BBW × MS	Time (T)	BBW × T	MS × T	BBW × MS × T
Starter feed intake, kg/d
Pre-weaning	0.604	0.607	0.549	0.428	0.03	< 0.01	0.10	0.09
Post-weaning	2.874	2.853	2.609	2.298	0.10	< 0.01	0.10	0.15
Overall	1.056	1.054	0.959	0.800	0.04	< 0.01	0.06	0.06	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.02	0.42
Starter feed intake, % of BW
Pre-weaning	1.80	2.05	1.62	1.45	0.18	0.03	0.83	0.22
Post-weaning	2.599	2.273	2.963	2.786	0.19	0.02	0.19	0.69
Overall	2.068	2.127	2.074	1.897	0.07	0.13	0.42	0.11	< 0.01	0.05	0.64	0.58
Total DMI, kg/d
Pre-weaning	1.228	1.167	1.103	1.052	0.03	< 0.01	0.14	0.43
Overall	1.83^a	1.82^a	1.70^ab	1.50^b	0.05	< 0.01	0.04	0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.06	0.06
Average daily gain, kg/d
Pre-weaning	0.77	0.80	0.74	0.65	0.03	< 0.01	0.32	0.06
Post-weaning	1.12	1.13	1.16	1.13	0.07	0.77	0.84	0.75
Overall	0.89	0.91	0.88	0.81	0.03	0.05	0.37	0.12	< 0.01	0.03	0.92	0.88
Body weight, kg
Initial	42.8	42.7	34.9	34.9	0.71	< 0.01	0.89	0.91
Weaning	77.4	78.5	76.9	72.0	1.82	0.21	0.19	0.04
Final	93.3	94.5	93.3	87.8	2.05	0.29	0.20	0.04
Overall	76.2	77.0	74.4	70.4	1.24	0.01	0.13	0.02	< 0.01	0.01	0.85	0.41
Back fat thickness, mm
Pre-weaning	24.0	22.6	23.1	22.1	0.59	0.23	0.05	0.76
Post-weaning	21.8	22.2	23.0	22.4	0.83	0.41	0.88	0.55
Overall	23.3	22.5	23.1	22.2	0.49	0.61	0.11	0.93	< 0.01	0.34	0.05	0.24
Feed efficiency
Pre-weaning	0.574	0.591	0.599	0.574	0.02	0.79	0.78	0.16
Post-weaning	0.396	0.401	0.459	0.501	0.03	0.01	0.37	0.46
Overall	0.512	0.529	0.552	0.547	0.01	0.04	0.66	0.61	< 0.01	0.08	0.03	0.15

¹IM inorganic minerals source, ACMS advanced chelated mineral source, LBW low birth weight, NBW normal birth weight.
²Contrasts for BBW (birth body weight), MS (mineral source) and interaction (BBW × MS).
^a,b,cMeans within a row with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05).

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