Figure 1

Pathological examination. (a) Hilar cholangiocarcinoma in treatment group. (b) Hilar cholangiocarcinoma in model group. (c) Hilar bile duct in control group. (d) Hilar bile duct in sham operation group. (e) Hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues in treatment group. HE stain (magnification 100×). (f) Hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues in model group. HE stain (magnification 100×). (g) Hilar bile duct tissues in control group. HE stain (magnification 100×). (h) Hilar bile duct tissues in sham operation group. HE stain (magnification 100×). Through pathologic examination, we detected hilar cholangiocarcinoma in 17 rats (85%) in the treatment group and 16 rats (80%) in the model group after seven weeks. But in control group and sham operation group the inflammation and edema of hilar bile duct are mild, and a small amount of inflammatory cells and macrophages infiltrate between tissues, the mitotic image of tumor nuclei was common. After GW4064 treatment, although the size of the tumor did not change significantly, but some necrosis began to appear in the tumor tissues.