Figure 1
From: Coastal upwelling generates cryptic temperature refugia
Map of the study sites. Letters A-P indicate the locations of the 16 sites where temperature logger data were collected, which covers the broad range of Patella vulgata’s southern distribution. Sites are labeled in descending order from Northernmost to Southernmost latitudes, where: A—South Cairn, UK; B—Emlagh, IE; C—Anglesey, UK; D—Minard Castle, IE; E—Wembury, UK; F—Landunvez, FR; G—Le Croisic, FR; H—Royan, FR; I—Biarritz, FR; J—San Vicente de la Barquera, ES; K—La Caridad, ES; L—Cabo Touriñan, ES; M—Moledo, PT; N—São Lourenço, PT; O—Alteirinhos, PT; P—Evaristo, PT. Colors represent the thermal upwelling index, which ranges from low upwelling (blue) to strong upwelling (red). Circles represent sites characterized by no upwelling (0.0–0.4), squares represent weak upwelling (0.5–1.0), and triangles represent strong upwelling (1.1–3.0). Map was created in MATLAB, version 9.11108.
