Table 1 Frequency distributions of selected participants’ characteristics and their associations with urinary PGE-M levels.
From: Association of urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite and mortality among adults
Women (N = 2276) | Men (N = 651) | All participants (N = 2927) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | Ratio (95% CI)* | p | |
Education | |||||
More than high school | 12.2 | 26.6 | 15.4 | Reference | |
High school | 22.2 | 28.1 | 23.5 | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 0.955 |
Middle school | 32.5 | 31.0 | 32.1 | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | 0.649 |
Less than middle school | 33.1 | 14.3 | 28.9 | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17) | 0.044 |
Income | |||||
Low | 19.6 | 8.6 | 17.2 | Reference | |
Median | 37.1 | 47.9 | 39.5 | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) | 0.561 |
High | 43.3 | 43.4 | 43.4 | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.069 |
Regular physical activity | |||||
No | 58.3 | 46.5 | 55.7 | Reference | |
Yes | 41.7 | 53.5 | 44.3 | 0.99 (0.94, 1.03) | 0.524 |
Smoking pack-years† | |||||
0 | 97.0 | 43.0 | 85.0 | Reference | |
< = 20 | 3.0 | 22.9 | 7.4 | 1.01 (0.93, 1.11) | 0.789 |
< = 40 | 22.7 | 5.1 | 1.05 (0.94, 1.18) | 0.383 | |
> 40 | 11.4 | 2.5 | 1.22 (1.05, 1.42) | 0.008 | |
Ever had alcohol-drinking | |||||
No | 97.5 | 66.4 | 90.6 | Reference | |
Yes | 2.5 | 33.6 | 9.4 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.13) | 0.320 |
NSAID use‡ | |||||
No | 90.3 | 86.2 | 89.4 | Reference | |
Yes | 9.7 | 13.8 | 10.6 | 0.81 (0.76, 0.87) | 6.5 × 10–9 |
Antibiotics use‡ | |||||
No | 93.6 | 95.1 | 93.9 | Reference | |
Yes | 6.4 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) | 0.378 |
Median(IQR) | Median(IQR) | Median(IQR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at sample collection | 57.7 (48.6, 64.9) | 66.0 (55.9, 71.1) | 59.7 (49.7, 66.3) | 1.04 (1.03, 1.06) | 6.8 × 10–9 |
Body mass index | 24.1 (22.0, 26.6) | 23.8 (21.8, 25.6) | 24.0 (21.9, 26.5) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.237 |
Waist-hip ratio | 0.82 (0.78, 0.85) | 0.90 (0.86,0.94) | 0.83 (0.79, 0.88) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.09) | 5.4 × 10–5 |
