Table 1 fit relative error1 averaged over all frequencies and currents for different optimization methods.

From: Multifrequency nonlinear model of magnetic material with artificial intelligence optimization

Method

Average error

Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS)

0.286

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

0.1962

Differential Evolution (DE)

0.084

Dual Annealing (DA)

0.149

  1. 1see formula (4), 2the PSO error is unacceptable.
  2. for higher values of currents i ≥ 30 A (see Fig. 7).
  3. Best result is in bold.
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