Table 1 Concentrations of soluble cations and anions in wastewater collected from each treatment unit.
From: Reclamation of wastewater in wetlands using reed plants and biochar
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | FAO limit | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ca2+ | 142.0a ± 7.7 | 115.0b ± 5.8 | 108.0b ± 4.3 | 100.0c ± 4.8 | 90.0d ± 3.8 | 400 |
K+ | 33.6a ± 1.4 | 32.7a ± 1.2 | 24.4b ± 1.4 | 23.8b ± 1.1 | 23.4b ± 0.9 | 5 |
Mg2+ | 121.3a ± 8 | 120.4a ± 7.1 | 85. 7b ± 4.5 | 83.5b ± 5.1 | 92.4b ± 5.0 | 60 |
Na+ | 829.0a ± 41.8 | 820.0a ± 38.7 | 612.0c ± 28.6 | 558.0c ± 29.7 | 736.0b ± 26.8 | 920 |
NH4+ | 2.8a ± 0.17 | 2.1b ± 0.16 | 1.4c ± 0.08 | 0.1e ± 0.01 | 1.1d ± 0.05 | 5 |
HCO3− | 488.0a ± 20 | 440.0b ± 20 | 439.0b ± 15 | 414.0bc ± 8 | 400.0c ± 9 | 610 |
Cl− | 1092.0a ± 52 | 1090.0a ± 51 | 1123.0a ± 48 | 1056.2a ± 32 | 1060.9a ± 29 | 1065 |
NO3− | 1.8a ± 0.06 | 1. 8a ± 0.08 | 1.8a ± 0.07 | 0.2c ± 0.01 | 1.2b ± 0.08 | 10 |
Total- PO43− | 1.3a ± 0.15 | 0.8b ± 0.1 | 0.6c ± 0.07 | 0.2d ± 0.008 | 0.2d ± 0.04 | 2 |
SO42− | 319.7a ± 18.9 | 293.4bc ± 17.6 | 288.9c ± 15.8 | 309.4ab ± 16.7 | 221.4d ± 13.5 | 960 |