Table 1 Concentrations of soluble cations and anions in wastewater collected from each treatment unit.

From: Reclamation of wastewater in wetlands using reed plants and biochar

 

T0

T1

T2

T3

T4

FAO limit

Ca2+

142.0a ± 7.7

115.0b ± 5.8

108.0b ± 4.3

100.0c ± 4.8

90.0d ± 3.8

400

K+

33.6a ± 1.4

32.7a ± 1.2

24.4b ± 1.4

23.8b ± 1.1

23.4b ± 0.9

5

Mg2+

121.3a ± 8

120.4a ± 7.1

85. 7b ± 4.5

83.5b ± 5.1

92.4b ± 5.0

60

Na+

829.0a ± 41.8

820.0a ± 38.7

612.0c ± 28.6

558.0c ± 29.7

736.0b ± 26.8

920

NH4+

2.8a ± 0.17

2.1b ± 0.16

1.4c ± 0.08

0.1e ± 0.01

1.1d ± 0.05

5

HCO3

488.0a ± 20

440.0b ± 20

439.0b ± 15

414.0bc ± 8

400.0c ± 9

610

Cl

1092.0a ± 52

1090.0a ± 51

1123.0a ± 48

1056.2a ± 32

1060.9a ± 29

1065

NO3

1.8a ± 0.06

1. 8a ± 0.08

1.8a ± 0.07

0.2c ± 0.01

1.2b ± 0.08

10

Total- PO43−

1.3a ± 0.15

0.8b ± 0.1

0.6c ± 0.07

0.2d ± 0.008

0.2d ± 0.04

2

SO42−

319.7a ± 18.9

293.4bc ± 17.6

288.9c ± 15.8

309.4ab ± 16.7

221.4d ± 13.5

960

  1. T0 (untreated water), T1 (water after sedimentation unit), T2 (water after sand & gravel beds), T3 (water after reed + sand & gravel beds) and T4 (water after biochar + sand & gravel beds). Similar letters indicate no significant variations among treatments. Mean with the same letter within rows are not significantly different at P < 0.05.