Table 6 Clinical manifestations of portal hypertension reported in case reports/case series and observational study.

From: Pseudocirrhosis and portal hypertension in patients with metastatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Portal hypertension

Case reports and case series (N = 99)

Present

79 (79.8%)

Ascites

43 (43.4%)

Esophageal varices

24 (24.2%)

Gastrointestinal bleeding

14 (14.1%)

Portal vein thrombosis

5 (5%)

Splenomegaly

15 (15%)

Encephalopathy

9 (9.1%)

Absent or not reported

20 (20.2%)