Table 1 Background characteristics of the study sample.

From: Eye movement behavior in a real-world virtual reality task reveals ADHD in children

Variable

ADHD group n (percentage)

Control group n (percentage)

Test statistics

p

Gender

29 (78%) – boys, 8 (22%) – girls

21 (58%) – boys, 15 (42%) – girls

Fisher's Exact Test

0.081

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

  

Age

10 Years 5 Months (1 Year)

10 Years 9 Months (1 Year 2 Months)

t(69) = 1.62

0.11

Parental Income*

3.7 (1.1)

4.6 (0.7)

t(66) = 4.34

 < 0.0001***

WISC-IV Similarities

9.2 (3.4)

11.2 (2.4)

t(63) = 2.80

0.017*

WISC-IV Matrix Reasoning

8.8 (4.0)

10.9 (3.5)

t(69) = 2.37

0.030*

ADHD-RS

31.9 (8.3)

6.2 (6.5)

t(66) = 14.63

 < 0.0001***

BRIEF

195.6 (25.0)

120.3 (24.1)

t(69) = 12.93

 < 0.0001***

CBCL

56.4 (23.0)

16.2 (14.4)

t(59) = 8.85

 < 0.0001***

EQELI

46.8 (14.8)

16.3 (12.7)

t(68) = 9.35

 < 0.0001***

Familiarity of the Tasks

4.8 (1.7)

5 (1.1)

t(61) = 0.57

0.76

Object Naming Task

38.0 (1.6)

38.8 (1.4)

t(70) = 2.18

0.13

Simulator Sickness Questionnaire

0.65 (1.0)

0.67 (1.1)

t(70) = 0.073

0.94

Presence Questionnaire

70.4 (15.6)

72.3 (10.5)

t(63) = 0.59

0.76

  1. ADHD-RS ADHD Rating Scale-IV, BRIEF the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive, CBCL the Child Behavior Checklist, and EQELI the Executive Questionnaire of Everyday LIfe (see Methods section and Supplementary Methods: EPELI. After-game assessment).
  2. * Average parental income before tax was reported as: 1 = less than 1 500 €/m, 2 = 1 500–2 200 €/m, 3 = 2 200–3 000 €/m, 4 = 3 000–4 000 €/m, 5 = over 4 000 €/m; before tax per adult.