Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI).

From: Association between postoperative acute kidney injury and mortality after plastic and reconstructive surgery

 

No AKI (N = 7000)

AKI (N = 59)

p-value

ASD

IPW ASD

*Age, years

45.0 (36–55)

62.0 (53.5–69.5)

 < 0.001

98.5

35.2

*Male

2105 (30.1)

41 (69.5)

 < 0.001

85.8

25.2

*Smoking

720 (10.3)

12 (20.3)

0.02

28.2

0.6

*Alcohol

1753 (25.0)

16 (27.1)

0.83

4.7

3.1

*Hypertension

389 (5.6)

12 (20.3)

 < 0.001

45.1

14.3

*Charlson comorbidity index

0.3 (± 1.01)

1.93 (± 2.74)

 < 0.001

77.0

35.3

Myocardial infarction

9 (0.1)

3 (5.1)

 < 0.001

31.5

 

Heart failure

20 (0.3)

2 (3.4)

0.002

23.3

 

Peripheral vascular disease

18 (0.3)

0

 > 0.99

7.4

 

Cerebrovascular disease

103 (1.5)

7 (11.9)

 < 0.001

4.6

 

Dementia

1 (0.0)

0

 > 0.99

1.7

 

Chronic pulmonary disease

4 (0.1)

0

 > 0.99

3.4

 

Rheumatic disease

60 (0.9)

1 (1.7)

 > 0.99

5.4

 

Peptic ulcer disease

0

0

 > 0.99

 < 0.1

 

Mild liver disease

231 (3.3)

7 (11.9)

0.001

32.8

 

Diabetes without complication

247 (3.5)

15 (25.4)

 < 0.001

65.5

 

Diabetes with complication

89 (1.3)

11 (18.6)

 < 0.001

60.6

 

Hemiplegia

19 (0.3)

2 (3.4)

0.001

23.4

 

Renal disease

84 (1.2)

16 (27.1)

 < 0.001

80.1

 

Any malignancy

353 (5.0)

0

0.14

32.6

 

Moderate to severe liver disease

4 (0.1)

1 (1.7)

0.02

17.6

 

Metastatic solid tumor

0

0

 > 0.99

 < 0.1

 

Human immunodeficiency virus

1 (0.0)

0

 > 0.99

1.8

 

Preoperative blood test

*Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.1 (± 1.8)

12.7 (± 1.7)

0.05

26.6

21.3

*Creatinine, mg/dL

0.78 (± 0.45)

2.39 (± 2.49)

 < 0.001

89.9

27.9

Operative variables

*Duration, hours

3.3 (1.5–4.8)

1.2 (0.5–3.6)

 < 0.001

12.8

10.2

*General anesthesia

6549 (93.6)

37 (62.7)

 < 0.001

80.4

2.7

*Emergency surgery

442 (6.3)

9 (15.3)

0.01

29.1

8.3

*Type

  

0.7

18.3

39.6

Head and Neck

1009 (14.4)

12 (20.3)

   

Trunk and extremities

1328 (19.0)

11 (18.6)

   

Breast

3177 (45.4)

25 (42.4)

   

Aesthetic surgery

167 (2.4)

2 (3.4)

   

Mass excision

1319 (18.8)

9 (15.3)

   
  1. Values are n (%), mean (± standardized difference), or median (interquartile range).
  2. ASD absolute standardized mean difference, IPW inverse probability weighting.
  3. *Following variables were retained for IPW adjustment.
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