Table 5 Univariable OR and multivariable OR of patients with fear of hypoglycemia.

Age

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

0.270

–

–

Sex

Male

Referent

–

–

–

Female

1.65 (1.03–2.63)

0.036

–

–

BMI

1.03 (0.96–1.10)

0.456

–

–

HbA1c

0.95 (0.85–1.08)

0.435

–

–

Systolic blood pressure

1.01 (1.00–1.03)

0.134

–

–

Diastolic blood pressure

0.99 (0.97–1.02)

0.487

–

–

Marital status

Single

Referent

–

–

–

Married

0.52 (0.13–2.01)

0.345

–

–

Divorced

0.18 (0.02–2.00)

0.162

–

–

Widowed

1.19 (0.27–5.26)

0.823

–

–

Residential location

Urban

Referent

–

–

–

Rural

1.64 (0.71–3.79)

0.246

–

–

Educational level

Elementary school

Referent

–

–

–

Middle school

0.85 (0.42–1.74)

0.658

–

–

High school

0.39 (0.17–0.88)

0.024

–

–

Junior college

0.91 (0.41–1.99)

0.807

–

–

Undergraduate college

0.72 (0.33–1.58)

0.414

–

–

Job status

Full-time

Referent

–

–

–

Part-time

2.10 (0.21–21.10)

0.530

–

–

Retired

1.41 (0.82–2.42)

0.219

–

–

Other (job-waiting, etc.)

2.44 (0.91–6.56)

0.076

–

–

Monthly household income per capita

 < 1000 CNY (< 158.5 USD)

Referent

–

–

–

1000–2999 CNY (158.5–475.4 USD)

0.56 (0.18–1.77)

0.324

–

–

3000–5000 CNY (475.5–792.5 USD)

0.37 (0.12–1.16)

0.088

–

–

 > 5000 CNY (> 792.5 USD)

0.34 (0.11–1.08)

0.067

–

–

Annual self-funded medical expenses

 < 2000 CNY (< 317.0 USD)

Referent

–

–

–

2000–5000 CNY (317.0–792.5 USD)

1.96 (0.81–4.70)

0.134

–

–

 > 5000 CNY (> 792.5 USD)

2.84 (1.23–6.54)

0.014

–

–

Sources of medical expenses

Self-funded

Referent

–

–

–

Medical insurance

0.83 (0.17–4.00)

0.820

–

–

New rural cooperative medical system

0.95 (0.15–5.94)

0.958

–

–

Cohabitation status

Living with others

Referent

–

Referent

–

Living alone

2.64 (1.32–5.26)

0.006

2.48 (1.20–5.14)

0.015

Hypoglycemia health education (Referent: no)

1.46 (0.88–2.41)

0.140

–

–

Number of hypoglycemic episodes in the past two weeks

1.40 (1.18–1.68)

 < 0.001

–

–

Number of hypoglycemic episodes in the past year

1.08 (1.05–1.12)

 < 0.001

1.06 (1.03–1.10)

 < 0.001

Number of severe hypoglycemic episodes in the past year

2.79 (1.29–6.02)

0.009

2.61 (1.20–5.69)

0.016

Number of severe hypoglycemic episodes since diagnosis

1.32 (1.02–1.71)

0.037

–

–

Treatment in the past year

Hypoglycemic drugs alone

Referent

–

–

–

Iinsulin alone

1.86 (0.87–4.01)

0.112

–

–

Insulin with hypoglycemic drugs

2.00 (1.20–3.32)

0.008

–

–

Other (diet, exercise, etc. )

0.56 (0.07–4.49)

0.589

–

–

Insulin or insulin secretagogue (Referent: other measures)

2.74 (1.41–5.35)

0.003

–

–

Duration of insulin use

1.08 (1.04–1.12)

 < 0.001

1.06 (1.02–1.10)

0.006

Duration of diabetes

1.03 (1.00–1.06)

0.078

–

–

Family history of diabetes (Referent: no)

1.17 (0.73–1.86)

0.516

–

–

Number of hypoglycemic drugs used in the past year

1.01 (0.79–1.28)

0.951

–

–

Biguanides (Referent: no)

0.66 (0.40–1.10)

0.111

–

–

Sulfonylureas (Referent: no)

0.77 (0.42–1.41)

0.393

–

–

Glinides (Referent: no)

1.58 (0.84–2.98)

0.154

–

–

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (Referent: no)

1.78 (0.88–3.61)

0.107

–

–

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (Referent: no)

1.03 (0.55–1.93)

0.936

–

–

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Referent: no)

1.34 (0.81–2.21)

0.252

–

–

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (Referent: no)

0.21 (0.03–1.55)

0.125

–

–

Thiazolidinediones (Referent: no)

0.86 (0.19–3.95)

0.845

–

–

Number of diabetes complications

1.30 (1.09–1.54)

0.004

–

–

Diabetic nephropathy (Referent: no)

1.51 (0.91–2.48)

0.108

–

–

Diabetic retinopathy (Referent: no)

1.71 (1.05–2.81)

0.033

–

–

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (Referent: no)

2.08 (1.29–3.34)

0.003

–

–

Diabetic foot (Referent: no)

0.27 (0.04–2.06)

0.207

–

–

Diabetic macroangiopathy (Referent: no)

1.52 (0.95–2.42)

0.081

–

–

IAH (Referent: no)

1.85 (1.00–3.40)

0.049

–

–