Table 3 Means and standard deviations (SD) for the seven anthropometric indices among study subjects, with and without MSyn, stratified by gender.

Waist circumference (WC) (cm)

95.86 ± 14.58

107.8 ± 11.5

93.44 ± 11.34

 < 0.001

100.98 ± 12.56

84.31 ± 12.65

 < 0.001

Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)

0.58 ± 0.09

0.63 ± 0.07

0.54 ± 0.07

 < 0.001

0.64 ± 0.10

0.53 ± 0.05

 < 0.001

A Body shape index (ABSI) (m^11/6 kg^-2/3)

0.08 ± 0.01

0.09 ± 0.01

0.08 ± 0.01

 < 0.001

0.08 ± 0.01

0.08 ± 0.01

0.001

Body roundness index (BRI)

5.15 ± 2.14

6.29 ± 1.85

4.27 ± 1.53

 < 0.001

6.59 ± 2.24

4.08 ± 1.79

 < 0.001

Visceral adiposity index (VAI) (cm²)

6.8 ± 6.62

9.76 ± 8.03

4.37 ± 3.18

 < 0.001

10.37 ± 8.95

4.41 ± 3.15

 < 0.001

Conicity index (CI) (m^3/2 kg^−1/2)

1.27 ± 0.12

1.37 ± 0.1

1.28 ± 0.1

 < 0.001

1.26 ± 0.10

1.18 ± 0.09

 < 0.001

Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2)

28.9 ± 6.1

30.6 ± 4.2

25.9 ± 4.5

 < 0.001

34.2 ± 6.0

27.0 ± 5.9

 < 0.001

BMI classifications (N (%))

Underweight

12 (1.6)

0 (0)

8 (3.2)

 < 0.001

0 (0)

4 (2.2)

 < 0.001

Normal weight

209 (27.6)

14 (8.9)

107 (42.5)

6 (3.7)

82 (44.8)

Overweight

244 (32.3)

57 (36.1)

103 (40.3)

36 (22.1)

48 (26.2)

Obese

291 (38.5)

87 (55.1)

34 (13.5)

121 (74.2)

49 (26.8)