Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: The absence of an invasive air sac system in the earliest dinosaurs suggests multiple origins of vertebral pneumaticity

Figure 3

Detail of the vertebrae and foramina of the early sauropodomorph Pampadromaeus (ULBRA-PV016; (A,B)) and the herrerasaurid Gnathovorax (CAPPA/UFSM-0009; (C–F)). Anterior dorsal vertebrae in (A,B). Anterior cervical in C and posterior cervical in (D–F). Nutritional foramina are present on the lateral surface of the centra (small arrows) in (A,B) and (D–F. They present a diminutive diameter when located inside the lateral fossae (D–F) and are broader on the ventral portion of the centra (C). Scale bar in (A,B) = 5 mm; in (C–E) = 1 mm; in (F) = 0.1 mm. Figures were generated with Adobe Photoshop CC version 22.5.1 X64.

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