Table 2 Protective role of GSE against KBrO₃-induced genotoxicity.

Abnormalities	Group I	Group II	Group III	Group IV	Group V	Group VI
MN	0.17 ± 0.41^d	0.10 ± 0.32^d	ND^d	61.7 ± 5.36^a	53.4 ± 4.85^b	44.6 ± 4.12^c
FRG	ND^d	ND^d	ND^d	51.3 ± 4.74^a	43.8 ± 4.10^b	35.9 ± 3.88^c
SC	0.30 ± 0.48^d	0.20 ± 0.42^d	0.16 ± 0.39^d	43.5 ± 3.98^a	35.7 ± 3.85^b	28.6 ± 3.42^c
VC	ND^d	ND^d	ND^d	40.6 ± 3.95^a	33.5 ± 3.66^b	25.4 ± 3.18^c
UDC	0.20 ± 0.42^d	0.10 ± 0.32^d	0.17 ± 0.39^d	23.8 ± 2.94^a	15.3 ± 1.67^b	10.2 ± 1.33^c
RP	ND^d	ND^d	ND^d	18.0 ± 1.72^a	12.4 ± 1.35^b	8.10 ± 1.18^c
NB	ND^d	ND^d	ND^d	13.5 ± 1.36^a	8.60 ± 1.22^b	4.80 ± 0.64^c
DM	ND^d	ND^d	ND^d	8.30 ± 1.20^a	5.20 ± 0.68^b	2.90 ± 0.42^c

Group I: Control, Group II: 465 mg/L GSE, Group III: 930 mg/L GSE, Group IV: 100 mg/L KBrO₃, Group V: 100 mg/L KBrO₃ + 465 mg/L GSE, Group VI: 100 mg/L KBrO₃ + 930 mg/L GSE. Values are shown as mean ± SD (n = 10). The MN and CAs numbers were calculated by analyzing 1.000 cells in each group. The averages shown with different letters^(a-d) in the same line are significant at p < 0.05. MI: mitotic index, MN: micronucleus, FRG: fragment, SC: sticky chromosome, VC: vagrant chromosome, UDC: unequal distribution of chromatin, RP: reverse polarization, NB: nuclear bud, DM: disordered mitosis, ND: no data.

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