Table 3 Protective role of GSE against meristematic cell damage induced by KBrO3.

From: Toxicity assessment of potassium bromate and the remedial role of grape seed extract

Groups

ECD

TCCW

FCN

Group I

Group II

Group III

Group IV

+++

++

+++

Group V

++

+

++

Group VI

+

+

  1. Group I: Control, Group II: 465 mg/L GSE, Group III: 930 mg/L GSE, Group IV: 100 mg/L KBrO3, Group V: 100 mg/L KBrO3 + 465 mg/L GSE, Group VI: 100 mg/L KBrO3 + 930 mg/L GSE.ECD: epidermis cell damage, TCCW: thickening of the cortex cell wall, FCN: flattened cell nucleus. (−): no damage, (+): little damage, (++): moderate damage, (+++): severe damage.