Table 1 Baseline descriptive characteristics of the participants according to anxiety statusa (N = 15,602; NutriNet-Santé cohort; France).

From: Associations of overall and specific carbohydrate intake with anxiety status evolution in the prospective NutriNet-Santé population-based cohort

 

None

Transient anxiety

Onset of anxiety at follow-up

Persistent anxiety

p-valueb

n = 8939

n = 1956

n = 1200

n = 3507

T-STAI score at baseline

31.4

(5.3)

45.9

(5.0)

35.8

(3.9)

50.3

(7.0)

 < 0.0001

T-STAI score at follow-up

29.9

(5.5)

35.0

(4.3)

45.9

(5.2)

49.8

(6.9)

 < 0.0001

Sex

Female

6047

(67.7)

1543

(78.9)

964

(80.3)

2962

(84.5)

 < 0.0001

Male

2892

(32.4)

413

(21.1)

236

(19.7)

545

(15.5)

 

Age, years, mean (SD)

55.5

(12.7)

52.1

(12.9)

51.0

(14.4)

51.1

(13.3)

 < 0.0001

Age category

18–39 y

1262

(14.1)

399

(20.4)

318

(26.5)

813

(23.2)

 < 0.0001

40–59 y

3597

(40.2)

923

(47.2)

474

(39.5)

1555

(44.3)

 

 ≥ 60 y

4080

(45.6)

634

(32.4)

408

(34.0)

1139

(32.5)

 

Educational levelc

Less than high school

1158

(13.8)

243

(13.2)

134

(11.8)

432

(13.2)

0.01

High school diploma or equivalent

1484

(17.7)

307

(16.7)

169

(14.9)

571

(17.4)

 

College, undergraduate degree

2423

(28.9)

551

(29.9)

388

(34.2)

1018

(31.0)

 

Graduate degree

3335

(39.7)

743

(40.3)

444

(39.1)

1260

(38.4)

 

Employment statusd

Without professional activity (homemaker, disabled, unemployed, student)

524

(6.0)

156

(8.3)

100

(8.5)

373

(11.0)

 < 0.0001

Manual/blue collar

996

(11.4)

300

(15.9)

184

(15.7)

604

(17.8)

 

Office work/administrative staff

1310

(15.0)

332

(17.6)

223

(19.0)

590

(17.4)

 

Professional/executive staff

2070

(23.6)

536

(28.3)

275

(23.4)

785

(23.1)

 

Retired

3865

(44.1)

568

(30.0)

394

(33.5)

1046

(30.8)

 

Marital statuse

Living alone (single, divorced, widowed)

1851

(20.9)

535

(27.8)

254

(21.3)

952

(27.5)

 < 0.0001

Married/cohabiting

6999

(79.1)

1391

(72.2)

937

(78.7)

2513

(72.5)

 

Children aged < 18 y in householdf

No

6931

(77.9)

1441

(74.2)

859

(71.8)

2537

(72.8)

 < 0.0001

Yes

1969

(22.1)

501

(25.8)

337

(28.2)

949

(27.2)

 

Physical activity levelg,h

Low

1633

(18.6)

476

(24.8)

279

(23.7)

899

(26.1)

 < 0.0001

Moderate

3539

(40.2)

768

(40.0)

497

(42.2)

1467

(42.6)

 

High

3630

(41.2)

676

(35.2)

402

(34.1)

1076

(31.3)

 

Sedentariness (minutes spent sitting/d), mean (SD)g,i

342.5

(183.7)

370.5

(195.0)

358.0

(190.2)

371.6

(225.4)

 < 0.0001

Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2), mean (SD)

23.7

(3.7)

23.6

(4.1)

23.7

(3.9)

23.4

(4.4)

 < 0.01

BMI category

Underweight (< 18.5)

316

(3.5)

106

(5.4)

55

(4.6)

240

(6.8)

 < 0.0001

Normal weight (18.5–24.9)

5975

(66.8)

1255

(64.2)

772

(64.3)

2284

(65.1)

 

Overweight (25.0–29.9)

2148

(24.0)

463

(23.7)

295

(24.6)

719

(20.5)

 

Obese (≥ 30.0)

500

(5.6)

132

(6.8)

78

(6.5)

264

(7.5)

 

Smoking statusj

Never smoker

4494

(50.8)

1032

(53.6)

606

(51.0)

1865

(53.9)

 < 0.0001

Former smoker

3598

(40.7)

716

(37.2)

455

(38.3)

1243

(35.9)

 

Current smoker

753

(8.5)

178

(9.2)

128

(10.8)

354

(10.2)

 

Alcohol use, g ethanol/d, mean (SD)k

8.3

(10.5)

7.0

(9.7)

6.8

(9.3)

6.4

(8.9)

 < 0.0001

  1. Values refer to number (%) except when noted otherwise. Values are rounded off to one decimal place.
  2. aAnxiety status assessed with the trait subscale of Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y (STAI-T). STAI -T score > 40 points considered as high general anxiety; anxiety categories as follows: (1) None = no reported high general anxiety at any time point; (2) Transient anxiety = high general anxiety reported only at baseline; (3) Onset of anxiety at follow-up = high general anxiety reported only at follow-up; (4) Persistent anxiety = high general anxiety reported at baseline and follow-up.
  3. bP-values obtained from chi-squared tests or ANOVA, as appropriate.
  4. c“Educational level” contained 942 missing values that were imputed prior to the main analysis.
  5. d“Employment status” contained 371 missing values that were imputed prior to the main analysis.
  6. e“Marital status” contained 170 missing values that were imputed prior to the main analysis.
  7. f“Children aged < 18 y in household” contained 78 missing values that were imputed prior to the main analysis.
  8. gAssessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form according to established scoring criteria.
  9. h“Physical activity” contained 260 missing values that were imputed prior to the main analysis.
  10. i“Sedentariness” contained 275 missing values that were imputed prior to the main analysis.
  11. j“Smoking status” contained 180 missing values that were imputed prior to the main analysis.
  12. k“Alcohol use” contained 167 missing values that were imputed prior to the main analysis.
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