Table 2 Baseline dietary data according to anxiety statusa (N = 15,602; NutriNet-Santé cohort; France).

From: Associations of overall and specific carbohydrate intake with anxiety status evolution in the prospective NutriNet-Santé population-based cohort

 

None

Transient anxiety

Onset of anxiety at follow-up

Persistent anxiety

p-valueb

n = 8939

n = 1956

n = 1200

n = 3507

Total energy intake (Kcal/d)

1954.1

(449.5)

1897.2

(422.9)

1889.7

(426.3)

1873.1

(415.1)

 < 0.0001

Number of 24-h dietary records

9.0

(3.7)

8.4

(3.7)

8.4

(3.8)

8.4

(3.7)

 < 0.0001

% of energy from carbohydrates

41.2

(6.2)

41.3

(5.9)

41.5

(5.9)

41.7

(6.5)

 < 0.01

% of energy from protein

16.3

(2.7)

16.2

(2.8)

16.3

(2.9)

16.2

(2.9)

0.29

% of energy from fat

39.0

(5.4)

39.4

(5.1)

39.1

(5.2)

39.3

(5.8)

 < 0.01

Total carbohydrates (g/d)

201.1

(39.8)

195.7

(35.4)

196.3

(35.1)

194.4

(35.4)

 < 0.0001

Complex carbohydrates (g/d)

105.8

(29.7)

102.4

(26.8)

103.5

(27.1)

102.1

(27.0)

 < 0.0001

Simple sugars (g/d)

94.8

(25.1)

92.8

(23.1)

92.1

(22.5)

91.8

(24.6)

 < 0.0001

Added sugars (g/d)

37.6

(17.4)

38.1

(17.2)

36.9

(16.3)

37.9

(18.0)

0.22

Starch (g/d)

105.8

(29.8)

102.4

(26.8)

103.6

(27.3)

102.0

(26.9)

 < 0.0001

Fiber (g/d)

21.0

(6.1)

20.0

(5.8)

20.2

(6.3)

20.0

(6.2)

 < 0.0001

Whole grains (g/d)

39.5

(46.1)

34.5

(39.8)

36.5

(43.1)

35.4

(42.6)

 < 0.0001

Fresh fruit (g/d)

210.6

(137.7)

196.2

(131.0)

195.5

(138.0)

194.0

(141.6)

 < 0.0001

Fruit including dried fruit (g/d)

213.7

(139.0)

199.0

(132.3)

198.4

(139.5)

196.8

(142.6)

 < 0.0001

Sweet/sweetened foods except for fruit (g/d)

146.3

(71.4)

147.9

(68.9)

146.6

(66.8)

149.2

(72.1)

0.20

100% fruit juice (ml/d)

48.4

(68.6)

49.6

(69.2)

48.1

(69.4)

43.4

(62.9)

 < 0.001

Sweet/sweetened beverages except for 100% fruit juice (ml/d)

21.9

(53.4)

28.5

(69.5)

24.0

(57.3)

26.4

(69.9)

 < 0.0001

  1. Nutrient/food intakes were adjusted for total energy intake by the residual method. Values refer to mean (SD). Values are rounded off to one decimal place, except the p-values. 1 kcal = 4.1868 kJ.
  2. aAnxiety status assessed with the trait subscale of Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y (STAI-T). STAI-T score > 40 points considered as high general anxiety; anxiety categories as follows: (1) None = no reported high general anxiety at any time point; (2) Transient anxiety = high general anxiety reported only at baseline; (3) Onset of anxiety at follow-up = high general anxiety reported only at follow-up; (4) Persistent anxiety = high general anxiety reported at baseline and follow-up.
  3. bP-values obtained from ANOVA.
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