Figure 8

Heterogeneity: illustration of the impact of heterogeneity in shale properties on the axial deformation. The chosen parameters and its range is shown in Table 3. Heterogeneity in \(\kappa\), \(\mu\), \(\zeta\), \(\lambda\), \(p_y\) and e is shown in the Fig. 8(a–f), respectively. The convergence plot for void ratio is shown in Fig. 8(g) and the convergence plot for different parameter using GMRES is shown in Fig. 8(h).