Table 2 Effect of study year, grass-matrix and fallow-age and their interaction on the cover and richness of species groups (GLM).

Sowing treatment	Sown forbs				Weed				Festuca pseudovina
	Cover (%)		Richness		Cover (%)		Richness		Cover (%)
	z	p	z	p	z	p	z	p	z	p
Study year 2
D	4.601	< 0.001	1.791	0.073	− 4.171	< 0.001	− 3.222	0.001
G + D	2.940	0.003	− 0.067	0.948	− 5.735	< 0.001	− 6.400	< 0.001	− 0.551	0.582
G					− 9.146	< 0.001	− 10.836	< 0.001
Grass-matrix age
G + D1	− 1.999	0.046	− 1.537	0.124	− 2.797	0.005	− 1.668	0.095	0.505	0.614
G + D2	− 1.297	0.195	− 7.281	< 0.001	− 6.095	< 0.001	− 7.220	< 0.001	2.505	0.012
G + D3	− 3.451	< 0.001	− 7.281	< 0.001	− 5.674	< 0.001	− 7.045	< 0.001	2.356	0.019
Fallow age
D1	2.461	0.014	3.279	0.001	− 2.463	0.014	− 1.094	0.274
D2	− 6.449	< 0.001	− 3.100	0.002	0.323	0.747	− 1.514	0.130
D3	− 9.601	< 0.001	− 5.807	< 0.001	− 0.423	0.672	− 1.636	0.102
Study year 2 × age of grass matrix
G + D1	0.286	0.775	0.100	0.921	0.225	0.822	0.216	0.829	0.157	0.876
G + D2	− 3.564	< 0.001	0.334	0.738	2.948	0.003	3.885	< 0.001	0.894	0.372
G + D3	− 1.729	0.084	0.625	0.532	5.874	< 0.001	4.752	< 0.001	0.361	0.718
Study year 2 × age of fallow
D1	− 0.545	0.586	− 1.050	0.294	− 0.889	0.374	− 2.432	0.015
D2	1.979	0.048	0.907	0.364	0.879	0.380	1.936	0.053
D3	2.816	0.005	0.081	0.936	4.169	< 0.001	2.692	0.007

Significant effects are marked in boldface (p < 0.05). G + D-plots sown with grass and diverse forb seed mixture; D-plots sown only with diverse forb seed mixture; numbers indicate the age of the grass-matrix (G + D plots) or fallow-age (D plots) when diverse forb seed mixture was sown in the plots.

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