Table 4 Comparative effect of ZnO-NPs to other bulk Zn sources on salt tolerance attributes (g kg−1 dry wt) and Zn concentration (mg kg−1 dry wt) of wheat.

From: Efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles in Zn fortification and partitioning of wheat and rice grains under salt stress

Treatment

Shoot Na+ (g kg−1 dry wt)

Shoot K+ (g kg−1 dry wt)

Shoot Zn (mg kg−1 dry wt)

Root Zn (mg kg−1 dry wt)

Grain Zn (mg kg−1 dry wt)

T1 = Control

0.60 ± 0.01

11.86 ± 0.22

25.9 ± 0.94

33.9 ± 2.7

25.6 ± 2.4

T2 = ZnSO4·7H2O

0.41 ± 0.003 (− 30.8)

14.9 ± 0.24 (25.66)

44.3 ± 1.13 (71.22)

49.6 ± 2.71 (46.27)

46.6 ± 1.6 (82.04)

T3 = ZnO

0.53 ± 0.005 (− 10.85)

14.3 ± 0.07 (20.86)

39 ± 1.07 (50.61)

46.2 ± 3.1 (36.36)

39.3 ± 0.19 (53.54)

T4 = ZnO-NPs

0.45 ± 0.023 (− 25.79)

15.2 ± 0.37 (28.34)

51 ± 0.74 (97.11)

54.1 ± 1.6 (59.57)

52.9 ± 1.5 (106.43)

T5 = 10 dS m−1 EC

1.42 ± 0.073

7.25 ± 0.05

15.7 ± 2.03

27.4 ± 2.6

18.5 ± 1.3

T6 = 10 dS m−1 EC + ZnSO4·7H2O

1.14 ± 0.036 (− 20.07)

8.65 ± 0.26 (19.38)

29.5 ± 0.71 (87.35)

41.4 ± 0.32 (51.14)

37 ± 0.59 (99.69)

T7 = 10 dS m−1 EC + ZnO

1.25 ± 0.009 (− 12.41)

7.7 ± 0.18 (6.22)

23.4 ± 0.85 (48.58)

36.3 ± 1.36 (32.28)

26.4 ± 0.8 (42.5)

T8 = 10 dS m−1 EC + ZnO-NPs

1.04 ± 0.029 (− 27.01)

8.85 ± 0.20 (22.18)

34.9 ± 1.05 (121.68)

48.3 ± 1.28 (76.14)

45.7 ± 1.45 (146.45)

F-values

Salinity

917.72***

2184***

280.06***

48.67***

92.29***

Zn source

26.9***

76.33***

123.95***

63.71***

149.27***

Salinity × Zn source

4.11*

12.91**

2.61ns

0.73ns

2.03ns

  1. Values represent mean ± SE (n = 3). Values in parenthesis show percent increase or decrease from respective control. According to LSD test with multiple comparisons, F-values of the Two-way ANOVA are indicated as: ns not significant.
  2. *Significant at p ≤ 0.05.
  3. **Significant at p ≤ 0.01.
  4. ***Significant at p ≤ 0.001.
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