Table 5 Comparative effect of ZnO-NPs to other bulk Zn sources on growth attributes of rice.

From: Efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles in Zn fortification and partitioning of wheat and rice grains under salt stress

Treatment

Shoot length (cm)

Tillers (per pot)

Paddy yield (g pot−1)

Total chlorophyll contents (SPAD-value)

T1 = Control

84.3 ± 1.4

13 ± 0.43

15.5 ± 0.53

47.9 ± 1.42

T2 = ZnSO4·7H2O

91.3 ± 1.5 (8.32)

17.7 ± 0.75 (35.29)

23.4 ± 1.04 (51.29)

51.6 ± 0.68 (7.79)

T3 = ZnO

87.7 ± 2.8 (3.96)

14 ± 0.66 (7.84)

21 ± 0.79 (35.78)

49 ± 1.95 (2.3)

T4 = ZnO-NPs

94.3 ± 2.2 (12.08)

17.7 ± 0.50 (37.25)

25.5 ± 0.58 (64.66)

50.3 ± 1.33 (5.08)

T5 = 7 dS m−1 EC

68 ± 1.01

7.8 ± 0.25

6.4 ± 0.72

34.4 ± 0.95

T6 = 7 dS m−1 EC + ZnSO4·7H2O

73.7 ± 1.04 (8.35)

10.8 ± 1.52 (38.71)

10.5 ± 0.42 (63.87)

41 ± 0.58 (19.19)

T7 = 7 dS m−1 EC + ZnO

72.3 ± 2.5 (6.39)

9.3 ± 0.33 (20.43)

9.3 ± 0.33 (45.03)

39 ± 0.58 (13.37)

T8 = 7 dS m−1 EC + ZnO-NPs

74.3 ± 2.2 (9.09)

9.7 ± 0.67 (24.73)

11.9 ± 0.45 (84.89)

40.9 ± 1.21 (18.8)

F-values

Salinity

148.53***

114.78***

702.23***

160.41***

Zn source

6.17**

9.73**

55.21***

7.1**

Salinity × Zn source

0.5ns

1.86ns

5.06*

1.09ns

  1. Values represent mean ± SE (n = 3). Values in parenthesis show percent increase or decrease from respective control. According to LSD test with multiple comparisons, F-values of the Two-way ANOVA are indicated as: ns not significant.
  2. *Significant at p ≤ 0.05.
  3. **Significant at p ≤ 0.01.
  4. ***Significant at p ≤ 0.001.
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