Table 6 Comparative effects of ZnO-NPs to other bulk Zn sources on salt tolerance attributes (g kg−1 dry wt) and Zn concentration (mg kg−1 dry wt) of rice.

From: Efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles in Zn fortification and partitioning of wheat and rice grains under salt stress

Treatment

Shoot Na+ (g kg−1 dry wt)

Shoot K+ (g kg−1 dry wt)

Shoot Zn (mg kg−1 dry wt)

Root Zn (mg kg−1 dry wt)

Grain Zn (mg kg−1 dry wt)

T1 = Control

1.26 ± 0.058

10.2 ± 0.14

22.2 ± 1.12

32.6 ± 0.91

30.4 ± 1.5

T2 = ZnSO4·7H2O

0.89 ± 0.041 (− 29.69)

11.8 ± 0.18 (16.61)

32.6 ± 0.67 (46.7)

44.5 ± 1.53 (36.47)

42.7 ± 1.8 (40.2)

T3 = ZnO

1.05 ± 0.019 (− 16.96)

10.6 ± 0.16 (4.4)

28.3 ± 0.85 (27.06)

38 ± 0.68 (16.65)

37.4 ± 1.1 (22.9)

T4 = ZnO-NPs

0.72 ± 0.11 (− 43.04)

12.2 ± 0.27 (20.29)

34.3 ± 0.31 (54.06)

45.5 ± 0.95 (39.68)

45 ± 1.3 (47.73)

T5 = 7 dS m−1 EC

2.93 ± 0.08

3.9 ± 0.36

15.5 ± 0.57

19.2 ± 0.20

23.3 ± 0.67

T6 = 7 dS m−1 EC + ZnSO4·7H2O

2.39 ± 0.014 (− 18.31)

5.7 ± 0.12 (46)

22.8 ± 0.81 (47.45)

26.1 ± 0.84 (36.02)

30.8 ± 1.3 (31.98)

T7 = 7 dS m−1 EC + ZnO

2.61 ± 0.07 (− 11.02)

4.5 ± 0.31 (16.83)

19.5 ± 0.36 (25.82)

22.1 ± 0.43 (15.1)

26.7 ± 1.28 (14.52)

T8 = 7 dS m−1 EC + ZnO-NPs

2.23 ± 0.09 (− 23.77)

5.8 ± 0.25 (49.69)

25.5 ± 0.92 (64.96)

29.2 ± 0.67 (52.38)

31.9 ± 1.05 (36.74)

F-values

Salinity

1049***

1440***

229.93***

637.18***

153.6***

Zn source

30.58***

33.96***

73.79***

66.86***

36.27***

Salinity × Zn source

0.59ns

0.19ns

1.28ns

2.59ns

2.23ns

  1. Values represent mean ± SE (n = 3). Values in parenthesis show percent increase or decrease from respective control. According to LSD test with multiple comparisons, F-values of the Two-way ANOVA are indicated as: ns not significant.
  2. *Significant at p ≤ 0.05.
  3. **Significant at p ≤ 0.01.
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