Table 1 Bivariate correlations (r, ρ) between the US biomarkers and age, BMI, self-reported questionnaires, muscle strength and physical functional performance, stratified by gender.

From: Relationship between quadriceps femoris muscle architecture and muscle strength and physical function in older adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

	Age	BMI	NYHA	Katz Index	Lawnton & Brody	5-STS	SPPB	TUG	6MWT	UGS	FGS
Men (n = 30)
Non-con MT	− .151	.450*	− .092	− .075	.305	.192	− .120	.379*	− .497*	− .297	− .152
Non-con MEI	− .348	− .268	.089	− .042	.131	.123	− .222	.082	− .008	− .183	.071
Non-con FT	.280	.393*	− .012	− .092	.122	− .243	.184	− .177	.102	.135	.207
Non-con FEI	.256	.095	.036	− .058	− .039	− .233	.136	− .310	.373*	.219	.204
Con MT	− .164	.511*	− .212	.055	.300	.090	− .040	.305	− .317	− .171	.039
Con MEI	− .181	− .484*	.167	− .072	− .129	.057	− .060	.008	− .022	− .124	.115
Con FT	.205	.432*	.076	− .217	.196	− .194	.143	− .141	.098	.144	.168
Con FEI	.196	.031	.140	− .156	− .160	− .072	.005	− .179	.195	.099	.031
MT Difference	− .061	.232	− .276	.261	.070	− .170	.140	− .066	.263	.196	.366*
MEI Difference	.240	− .219	.108	.098	− .459*	− .093	.218	− .098	− .015	.092	.043
FT Difference	− .513*	.051	.260	− .333	.288	.358	− .293	.258	− .061	− .005	− .288
FEI Difference	− .126	− .116	.220	− .183	− .130	.291	− .232	.250	− .335	− .223	− .308
Women (n = 40)
Non-con MT	− .291	.233	.395*	.202	− .037	.283	− .242	.190	− .147	− .113	− .226
Non-con MEI	.250	− .406*	.051	− .140	.104	− .160	.224	− .224	.074	.188	.175
Non-con FT	− .143	.494**	− .056	.218	− .280	.469*	− .555**	.539**	− .365*	− .503**	− .445*
Non-con FEI	.187	.122	− .323*	.112	− .266	.190	− .268	.244	− .288	− .354*	− .211
Con MT	− .314*	.210	.303	.130	.002	.316*	− .317*	.254	− .118	− .207	− .217
Con MEI	.364*	− .396*	.031	− .156	.219	− .302	.267	− .301	.215	.342*	.286
Con FT	− .138	.461*	− .046	.218	− .257	.479*	− .520**	.540**	− .341*	− .526**	− .409*
Con FEI	.181	.174	− .221	.115	− .196	.151	− .222	.230	− .193	− .233	− .127
MT Difference	− .005	− .073	− .187	.029	− .129	.025	− .107	.094	.072	− .160	.045
MEI Difference	.170	.044	− .126	− .054	.062	− .223	.055	− .112	.227	.240	.169
FT Difference	.035	− .186	− .041	− .075	− .078	− .014	.199	− .058	.134	− .035	.189
FEI Difference	− .070	.045	.245	.057	− .008	− .122	.158	− .101	.244	.307	.201

US Ultrasound, BMI Body Mass Index, NYHA New York Heart Association class, 5-STS Five-Repetitions Sit-to Stand, SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, TUG Timed Up and Go test, 6MWT 6 Minute Walking Test, UGS Usual Gait Speed, FGS Fast Gait Speed, Non-con MT Non-contraction Muscle Thickness, Non-con MEI Non-contraction Muscle Echo-Intensity, Non-con FT Non-contraction subcutaneous Fat tissue Thickness, Non-con FEI Non-contraction subcutaneous Fat tissue Echo-Intensity, Con MT Contraction Muscle Thickness, Con MEI Contraction Muscle Echo-Intensity, Con FT Contraction subcutaneous Fat tissue Thickness, Con FEI Contraction subcutaneous Fat tissue Echo-Intensity, MT Difference Difference between contraction and non-contraction Muscle Thickness, MEI Difference Difference between contraction and non-contraction Muscle Echo-Intensity, FT Difference Difference between contraction and non-contraction subcutaneous Fat tissue Thickness, FEI Difference Difference between contraction and non-contraction subcutaneous Fat tissue Echo-Intensity.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.001.

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Table 1 Bivariate correlations (r, ρ) between the US biomarkers and age, BMI, self-reported questionnaires, muscle strength and physical functional performance, stratified by gender.

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