Table 4 Post-hoc analysis of the performance of single-modal and multi-modal T1 vibe Dixon network inputs for automated liver parenchyma, portal veins, and hepatic veins segmentation.

From: Convolutional neural network for automated segmentation of the liver and its vessels on non-contrast T1 vibe Dixon acquisitions

   

Liver parenchyma

Portal veins

Hepatic veins

In-phase

vs

Opposed-phase

0.129

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

In-phase

vs

Water

1

0.331

1

In-phase

vs

In-phase, water

1

1

1

In-phase

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase

1

1

1

In-phase

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase, water

1

1

1

In-phase

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase, water, fat

1

1

1

Opposed-phase

vs

Water

1

0.365

0.112

Opposed-phase

vs

In-phase, water

0.310

 < 0.001

0.002

Opposed-phase

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase

1

0.001

0.002

Opposed-phase

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase, water

0.256

 < 0.001

0.003

Opposed-phase

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase, water, fat

0.302

 < 0.001

0.004

Water

vs

In-phase, water

1

0.403

1

Water

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase

1

0.921

1

Water

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase, water

1

0.641

1

Water

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase, water, fat

1

0.629

1

In-phase, water

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase

1

1

1

In-phase, water

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase, water

1

1

1

In-phase, water

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase, water, fat

1

1

1

In-phase, opposed-phase

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase, water

0.444

1

1

In-phase, opposed-phase

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase, water, fat

1

1

1

In-phase, opposed-phase, water

vs

In-phase, opposed-phase, water, fat

1

1

1

  1. The p-values were calculated with the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison post-hoc test using the Dice similarity coefficients reported in Table 3. Any values below the significance level α = 0.05 are highlighted in bold. The single-modal neural network inputs are in-phase; water; and opposed phase. The multi-modal neural network inputs are in-phase, water; in-phase, opposed-phase; in-phase, opposed-phase, water; and in-phase, opposed-phase, fat, water.