Table 1 CVI formulations applied to low-lying coasts.

From: Improvement of a coastal vulnerability index and its application along the Calabria Coastline, Italy

Method

Reference

Geographical location

Variables

Remarks

Coastal vulnerability index (CVI)

Dwarakish et al.8

India

Geomorphology, shoreline change, coastal slope, mean tidal range, mean significant wave height, mean sea level rise

6 Geological and physical variables

Coastal vulnerability index (CVI)

Appeaning Addo14

Ghana

Geology, geomorphology, elevation, relative sea-level rise rates, shoreline recession rates, tide range, mean wave height

7 Geological and physical variables

Improved coastal vulnerability index (ICVI)

El-Hattab16

Nile Delta

Geology, elevation, coastal slope, geomorphology, shoreline change, presence of coastal protection, relative sea level rise, land subsidence, population density, socio-economic status

10 Geologic, physical and socio-economic variables

Coastal vulnerability index (CVI)

Sekovsky et al.20

Italy

Elevation, dunes, artificial protection structures, shoreline change rates, land cover

5 Physical variables

Coastal vulnerability index (CVI)

Mani Murali et al.24

India

Slope, geomorphology, elevation, shoreline change, sea level rise, significant wave height tidal range, population, land use/land cover, roads and location of tourist areas

7 Physical and 4 socio-economic variables; combination of physical vulnerability index (PVI) and socio-economic vulnerability index (SVI)

Coastal vulnerability index (CVI)

Bagdanavičiūtė et al.39

Lituania

Shoreline change, beach width/height, underwater slope, sand bars, and beach sediments, significant wave heigh

5 Geologic and physical variables

Coastal vulnerability index (CVI)

Pramanik et al.40

Mumbai

Shoreline change, coastal elevation, coastal slope, geomorphology, bathymetry, sea level rise, significant wave eight, mean tidal range, LU/LC, population density, tourist density, fisherfolk density

5 Geological, 3 physical and 4 socio-economic variables

Coastal vulnerability index (CVI)

Gaki-Papanastassiou et al.41

Greece

Geomorphology, coastal slope, rate of relative, sea-level rise, ate of shoreline erosion/accretion, mean tide range, mean significant wave height

6 Geologic and physical variables

Coastal sensitive index (cSI)

Karymbalis et al.42

Greece

Geomorphology, coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level rise, rate of shoreline erosion/accretion, mean tide range, mean significant wave height

6 Geologic and physical variables

CVI and SVI

Tragaki et al.43

Greece

Geomorphology, shoreline change, coastal slope, relative sea level rise, significant wave height, tidal range; population density, share of women in total population, share of persons above 65 in total population, share of children below 5 in total population, share of foreign-born in total population, share of low educated in total population

6 Geologic and physical variables and 7 social variables; coastal vulnerability index (CVI) and social vulnerability Index (SVI)