Figure 12

Hysteresis loops measurements and \(m_{{\textrm{r}}}\) and \(H_{{\textrm{c}}}\) and \(H_{{\textrm{eb}}}\) for S2. (a–p) Hysteresis loops at various temperatures show the evolution of magnetization with temperature and field after field cooling at a positive field. The Dy saturation magnetization per unit volume estimates to \(\approx\) 7.0 \(\mu _B\)/atom at 2 K. (q) Remanent magnetization \(m_{{\textrm{r}}}\), coercive field \(H_{{\textrm{c}}}\), and exchange bias field \(H_{{\textrm{eb}}}\) as a function of temperature. Inset shows the \(H_{{\textrm{c}}}\) versus \(T^{\frac{1}{2}}\) plot and its linear fit (black dashed line) showing the maximum for the zero-field cooled (ZFC) curves \(T_{{\textrm{F}}}(0)\) = 150 K. (r) The plot of \(H_{{\textrm{eb}}}^{-/+}\) for the positive cooling field (positive bias) and negative cooling field (negative bias). The shaded region marks the temperature range of the helical phase or SPM region. Also shown are the vertical shift \(\delta m_{{\textrm{r}}}^{+/-}\) values for positive and negative biasing, respectively.