Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients according to myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS).
From: Prediction model for myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery using machine learning
No MINS (N = 5312) | MINS (N = 1499) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative cardiac troponin, ng/L | 9.0 (± 6.2) | 13.2 (± 9.6) | < 0.001 |
Male | 3174 (59.8) | 943 (62.9) | 0.03 |
Age | 64.0 (± 12.9) | 65.1 (± 14.2) | 0.004 |
Body mass index | 24.0 (± 3.8) | 23.5 (± 3.9) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 2956 (55.6) | 889 (59.3) | 0.01 |
Hypertension | 3426 (64.5) | 1064 (71.0) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 321 (6.0) | 205 (13.7) | < 0.001 |
Dialysis | 97 (1.8) | 76 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
Current smoking | 692 (13.0) | 187 (12.5) | 0.6 |
Current alcohol | 1128 (21.2) | 237 (15.8) | < 0.001 |
Coronary artery disease | 1016 (19.1) | 396 (26.4) | < 0.001 |
Previous disease | |||
Old myocardial infarction | 321 (6.0) | 162 (10.8) | < 0.001 |
History of coronary revascularization | 507 (9.5) | 218 (14.5) | < 0.001 |
Percutaneous coronary intervention | 444 (8.4) | 178 (11.9) | < 0.001 |
Coronary artery bypass graft | 82 (1.5) | 54 (3.6) | < 0.001 |
Heart failure | 130 (2.4) | 45 (3.0) | 0.27 |
Stroke | 504 (9.5) | 178 (11.9) | 0.01 |
Atrial fibrillation | 362 (6.8) | 128 (8.5) | 0.03 |
Arrhythmia | 450 (8.5) | 157 (10.5) | 0.02 |
Valvular heart disease | 94 (1.8) | 33 (2.2) | 0.33 |
Aortic disease | 142 (2.7) | 101 (6.7) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 202 (3.8) | 64 (4.3) | 0.45 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 269 (5.1) | 92 (6.1) | 0.12 |
Active cancer | 1732 (32.6) | 377 (25.2) | < 0.001 |
Preoperative treatment | |||
Intensive care unit care | 371 (7.0) | 225 (15.0) | < 0.001 |
Continuous renal replacement therapy | 10 (0.2) | 18 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
Ventilator care | 49 (0.9) | 38 (2.5) | < 0.001 |
Preoperative medication | |||
Beta blocker | 1422 (26.8) | 535 (35.7) | < 0.001 |
Calcium channel blocker | 1857 (35.0) | 555 (37.0) | < 0.001 |
Renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitor | 2010 (37.8) | 563 (37.6) | 0.87 |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 445 (8.4) | 171 (11.4) | < 0.001 |
Angiotensin receptor blocker | 1792 (33.7) | 488 (32.6) | 0.41 |
Diltiazem | 426 (8.0) | 128 (8.5) | 0.55 |
Statin | 1874 (35.3) | 516 (34.4) | 0.56 |
Antiplatelet | 2097 (39.5) | 650 (43.4) | 0.01 |
Aspirin | 1817 (34.2) | 522 (34.8) | 0.68 |
Clopidogrel | 503 (9.5) | 158 (10.5) | 0.24 |
Ticagrelor | 277 (5.2) | 131 (8.7) | < 0.001 |
Direct oral anticoagulant | 105 (2.0) | 27 (1.8) | 0.74 |
Warfarin | 318 (6.0) | 122 (8.1) | 0.003 |
Diabetic medication | 2766 (52.1) | 842 (56.2) | 0.01 |
Metformin | 849 (16.0) | 224 (14.9) | 0.35 |
Insulin | 2549 (48.0) | 800 (53.4) | < 0.001 |
Operative variables | |||
General anesthesia | 4836 (91.0) | 1334 (89.0) | 0.02 |
ESC/ESA surgical high risk | 1135 (21.4) | 574 (38.3) | < 0.001 |
Emergency operation | 1217 (22.9) | 549 (36.6) | < 0.001 |
Operation duration, hours | 3.1 (± 2.2) | 4.0 (± 3.1) | < 0.001 |
Operation types | < 0.001 | ||
Vascular | 934 (17.6) | 285 (19.0) | |
Orthopedic | 563 (10.6) | 191 (12.7) | |
Neuro | 1692 (31.9) | 248 (16.5) | |
Breast or endo | 110 (2.1) | 27 (1.8) | |
Plastic or otolaryngeal or eye | 151 (2.8) | 26 (1.7) | |
Transplantation | 333 (6.3) | 316 (21.1) | |
Gynecology or urology | 168 (3.2) | 52 (3.5) | |
Gastrointestinal | 1092 (20.6) | 234 (15.6) | |
Noncardiac thoracic | 256 (4.8) | 114 (7.6) | |
Others | 13 (0.2) | 6 (0.4) | |
Intraoperative treatment | |||
Red blood cell transfusion | 502 (9.5) | 357 (23.8) | < 0.001 |
Inotropic drug infusion | 1897 (35.7) | 812 (54.2) | < 0.001 |
