Table 1 Common safety method—design targets for railway technical systems.

From: Derivation of harmonised high-level safety requirements for self-driving cars using railway experience

Number of people affected by accident (exposed to risk)

Large number of people

Very small number of people

Multiple fatalities

Class (a)

FF = 1 × 10−9/ h

(catastrophic accident)

Class (b)

1 × 10−7/ h

(critical accident)

At least one fatality

Class (a)

FF = 1 × 10−9/ h

Class (b)

FF = 1 × 10−7/ h

(low train speed, low traffic, …)

Class (b)

1 × 10−7/ h

  1. Significant values are in [bold].
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