Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana

Figure 3

XYTX1-Xa1a causes a leak current in HEK293AD cells. (a) Representative current traces in HEK293AD cells at voltages of − 60 to + 60 mV (10 mV steps) acquired before application and 2 min after application of (a) extracellular solution (ECS) or (b) 30 μM XYTX1-Xa1a. Scale bar for panels a-b and voltage protocol used to investigate leak current are shown on the bottom left. (c) Current–voltage (I–V) relationship 2 min after addition of ECS (black) or XYTX1-Xa1a (30 μM; yellow). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5–6 cells) and fitted to a simple linear regression. Equivalent data for melittin are shown in supplemental information Fig. S2.

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