Table 3 Risk of ESRD by AMD and visual disability according to age, sex, baseline kidney function, and cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Age group

50–64

Non-AMD

2,886,066

10,564

0.36

1 (Ref.)

 < 0.001

AMD without VD

17,789

234

1.30

1.97 (1.73–2.24)

AMD with VD

1,278

30

2.34

3.17 (2.21–4.54)

65–74

Non-AMD

1,003,820

8,220

0.84

1 (Ref.)

AMD without VD

22,305

285

1.32

1.10 (0.98–1.24)

AMD with VD

1,767

48

2.90

1.85 (1.40–2.46)

75-

Non-AMD

263,359

2,258

1.03

1 (Ref.)

AMD without VD

9,665

100

1.24

0.89 (0.73–1.09)

AMD with VD

813

20

3.05

1.62 (1.04–2.51)

Sex

Male

Non-AMD

2,013,798

13,060

0.66

1 (Ref.)

0.076

AMD without VD

20,927

346

1.79

1.25 (1.13–1.40)

AMD with VD

1,856

57

3.46

1.73 (1.33–2.25)

Female

Non-AMD

2,139,447

7,982

0.37

1 (Ref.)

AMD without VD

28,832

273

0.96

1.28 (1.13–1.44)

AMD with VD

2,002

41

2.11

2.76 (2.03–3.75)

Baseline kidney function (eGFR*⁾

 ≥ 60

Non-AMD

3,729,357

8,874

0.24

1 (Ref.)

 < 0.001

AMD without VD

41,538

240

0.60

1.66 (1.46–1.89)

AMD with VD

3,173

30

1.00

2.62 (1.83–3.74)

30 ≥ , < 60

Non-AMD

346,472

8,301

2.53

1 (Ref.)

AMD without VD

7,230

256

3.92

0.93 (0.82–1.06)

AMD with VD

616

55

10.40

1.85 (1.42–2.41)

 < 30

Non-AMD

77,416

3867

5.16

1 (Ref.)

AMD without VD

991

123

14.28

1.62 (1.35–1.94)

AMD with VD

69

13

25.99

1.63 (0.95–2.80)

Any of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia

No

Non-AMD

1,628,379

1,721

0.10

1 (Ref.)

 < 0.001

AMD without VD

12,995

39

0.30

2.42 (1.76–3.32)

AMD with VD

1,052

7

0.69

5.08 (2.42–10.68)

Yes

Non-AMD

2,524,866

19,321

0.78

1 (Ref.)

AMD without VD

36,764

580

1.66

1.22 (1.13–1.33)

AMD with VD

2,806

91

3.52

1.96 (1.59–2.41)