Figure 1

Differences in the proportion of subpopulations in peripheral blood T cells between RA patients and HCs from two distinct geographic locations. The proportion of T cell subpopulations in PBMC collected from RA patients and HCs in two hospitals was analyzed using flow cytometry. Histograms show percentage of cTh1 cells, cTh17 cells, cTh17.1 cells, cTfh1 cells, cTfh2 cells, cTfh17 cells, and cTph cells in memory CD4⁺ T cells, cTreg cells in naïve and memory CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, and CD8⁺ Treg cells in CD8⁺ T cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, and circle and square shows samples collected from Tsukuba and Karuizawa, respectively. Unpaired t-test was performed to analyze statistical interactions between blood samples collected from HCs and RA patients in Tsukuba or Karuizawa. Statistical significance was defined as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001.