Figure 2

Differences in the proportion of subpopulations of peripheral blood B cells between RA patients and HCs from two distinct geographic locations. The proportion of subpopulation in B cells in PBMC collected from RA patients and HC in two hospitals was analyzed by flow cytometry. Histograms show percentage of class switched memory B cells, unswitched memory B cells, memory B cells, and double negative (DN) B cells in CD19⁺CD20⁺ cells, DN1 cells and DN2 cells in DNB cells, plasmablast in CD19⁺CD20⁻ cells, ABC and Breg cells in CD19⁺ cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Unpaired t-test was performed to analyze a statistical interaction between blood samples collected from HC or RA patients in Tsukuba or Karuizawa. Statistical significance was defined as *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001.