Table 1 Values of the compressive strengths in both directions (axial and transversal) with different amounts of PVA and the maximal degree of filling for all filler materials.

From: Poly(vinyl alcohol) freeze casts with nano-additives as potential thermal insulators

Sample

Axial strength

Transversal strength

[N/mm2]

[N/mm2]

5–0

0.07 ± 0.01

0.04 ± 0.01

7.5–0

0.47 ± 0.09

0.04 ± 0.02

10–0

0.93 ± 0.06

0.12 ± 0.01

5–15 SiO2

0.74 ± 0.27

0.18 ± 0.04

7.5–15 SiO2

0.84 ± 0.27

0.22 ± 0.02

10–15 SiO2

1.88 ± 0.22

0.37 ± 0.20

5–1 MFC

0.36 ± 0.07

0.11 ± 0.01

7.5–1 MFC

0.99 ± 0.09

0.27 ± 0.01

10–0.5 MFC

1.32 ± 0.01

0.33 ± 0.01

5–5 NC

0.49 ± 0.01

0.04 ± 0.01

7.5–5 NC

0.83 ± 0.02

0.13 ± 0.01

10–5 NC

0.89 ± 0.03

0.31 ± 0.03