Table 2 Associations of MAFLD and NAFLD status with incident CKD.

From: MAFLD and NAFLD in the prediction of incident chronic kidney disease

 

Cases, n

Event, n

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

  

Model 1† (95%CI)

P

Model 2‡ (95% CI)

P

Model 3§ (95%CI)

P

Non-FLD

14,525

498

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

FLD

7,188

414

1.74 (1.53–1.99)

< 0.01

1.67 (1.45–1.91)

< 0.01

1.34 (1.14–1.56)

< 0.01

Non-FLD without MD

9,414

259

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

Non-FLD with MD

5,111

239

1.78 (1.49–2.12)

< 0.01

1.57 (1.31–1.89)

< 0.01

1.23 (1.00–1.53)

0.05

Both-FLD

4,844

270

2.13 (1.80–2.52)

< 0.01

2.01 (1.67–2.41)

< 0.01

1.50 (1.19–1.89)

< 0.01

MAFLD-only

1,776

125

2.77 (2.24–3.43)

< 0.01

2.72 (2.16–3.41)

< 0.01

1.97 (1.49–2.60)

< 0.01

NAFLD-only

482

15

1.12 (0.67–1.89)

0.66

1.06 (0.63–1.78)

0.84

1.06 (0.63–1.79)

0.82

  1. CI confidence interval, CKD chronic kidney disease, FLD fatty liver disease, MAFLD metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease, MD metabolic dysregulation, NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  2. †Model 1 was crude.
  3. ‡Model 2 was adjusted for age and sex.
  4. §Model 3 was adjusted for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking, physical activity, prediabetes, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, NAFLD fibrosis score, body mass index.
  5. Metabolic dysregulation; subjects with overweight/obese (body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2) or had diabetes (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] ≥ 126 mg/dl, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≥ 6.5%, or specific drug treatment), or at least two of the following metabolic risk abnormalities: (i) waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women; (ii) blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or specific drug treatment; (iii) triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl; (iv) HDL-C < 40 mg/dl for men and < 50 mg/dl for women; (v) prediabetes (FPG 100–125 mg/dl or HbA1c 5.7–6.4%); (vi) homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ≥ 2.5; and (vii) high-sensitivity C-reactive protein > 2 mg/dl.
Back to article page