Table 1 Significant policies implemented by China, Japan, and Korea to improve air quality.
Country | Policy | Targeted sources | Impact | Research |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Japan | Since the introduction of the "Comprehensive Policy Effort on PM2.5" in 2013, policies and measures were introduced that fall under three categories: -Domestic measures -International cooperation -Reinforcing scientific knowledge | -Stationary -Vehicles -Vessels -Open burning -NH3 -Regional | Since 2013, the annual average of PM2.5 concentration has decreased, with the number of occasions issuing public alerts on PM2.5 decreasing from 37 in 2013 to 2 in 2017 | Declining PM2.5 as a result of policy implementation: 2010–2018 declining PM2.522 2003–2018 declining PM2.523 |
China | Since the introduction of the "Action Plan on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution" in 2013, significant policies and measures have been introduced which fall under five categories: -Rule of law -Scientific and Technological support -Comprehensive emission reduction -Innovative management -Social participation | -Industry -Energy sector -Vehicles -Non-point source pollution | The average concentration of PM2.5 in 74 cities decreased by 42% from 2013 to 2018. These cities are applying Ambient Air Quality Standard | |
Korea | Since the revision of the "Air Quality Preservation Act" in 2013 and the introduction of "Comprehensive Plan on Fine Dust Management Implementation" in 2017, strategic policies and measures have been implemented which fall under four categories: -Reduction of domestic emissions -Public health -International cooperation -Solid foundation and communication | -Industry -Transport -Power generation -Agriculture and daily surrounding -Indoor air quality -Regional | PM2.5 reduction from 2010 to 2019 has shown minimal changes each year, with the PM2.5 level decreasing by 2 μg/m3 in 2018 from the level of 2017. This is due to the implementation of the comprehensive plan in 2017 | PM2.5 decrease 2003–201726 PM2.5 decrease 2010–202027 |
