Table 2 Cox regression to estimate change in risk for cardiac arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes and matched controls.

From: Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes

Outcomes

aDiabetes vs controls (Period 1–3)

aDiabetes vs controls (Period 7–9)

bDiabetes vs controls (Period 1–3 vs 7–9)

Atrial fibrillation and flutter

1.29 (1.28–1.31)

1.28 (1.24–1.31)

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

SA- and AV-node dysfunction + pacemaker

1.66 (1.61–1.72)

1.32 (1.24–1.40)

0.83 (0.77–0.90)

Intraventricular conduction blocks

1.47 (1.38–1.57)

1.27 (1.14–1.41)

0.87 (0.76–0.98)

Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation

1.35 (1.26–1.44)

1.31 (1.17–1.47)

0.97 (0.84–1.11)

 

Avg 10-year change in HR

Avg 10-year change in HR

 

Diabetes

Controls

 

Change in risk over time as a linear predictorc

 Atrial fibrillation and flutter

0.95 (0.93–0.98)

0.91 (0.90–0.93)

 

 SA- and AV-node dysfunction + pacemaker

1.48 (1.46–1.49)

1.58 (1.57–1.59)

 

 Intraventricular conduction blocks

1.31 (1.29–1.33)

1.42 (1.41–1.44)

 

 Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation

1.16 (1.14–1.18)

1.25 (1.24–1.27)

 
  1. The analyses based on Cox regression were adjusted for age, time-updated time periods, sex and interaction terms. Estimates are presented as hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
  2. aExcess risk for patients with diabetes and controls in first- and last time periods.
  3. bExcess risk for patients with diabetes compared with controls in first- and last time periods. Values are ratios of hazard ratios for patients with type 2 diabetes as compared with during a 10-year period. Values below 1.0 indicates that lesser event-rate reduction.
  4. cExcess risk for patients with diabetes and controls, during a 10-year interval, separately.
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