Table 1 Sample characteristics.
From: Daily exposure to virtual nature reduces symptoms of anxiety in college students
Total (N=40) | Virtual Nature (N=24) | Control (N=16) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female (N[%]) | |||||||||
Female | 30 (75%) | 17 (70.8%) | 13 (81.2%) | ||||||
Male | 10 (25%) | 7 (29.2%) | 3 (18.8%) | ||||||
Semester (N[%]) | |||||||||
During COVID-19 pandemic | 22 (55%) | 14 (58.3%) | 8 (50%) | ||||||
Not during COVID-19 pandemic | 18 (45%) | 10 (41.7%) | 8 (50%) | ||||||
VR experience (N[%]) | |||||||||
No | 12 (70%) | 8 (33.3%) | 4 (25%) | ||||||
Yes | 28 (30%) | 16 (66.7%) | 12 (75%) | ||||||
Baseline engagement with beauty (N[%]) | |||||||||
Low (≤5.0 on 1=low, 7=high scale) | 16 (40%) | 10 (41.7%) | 6 (37.5%) | ||||||
High (>5.0) | 24 (60%) | 14 (58.3%) | 10 (62.5%) | ||||||
Outdoor nature visits in past year (N[%]) | |||||||||
Low (≤6-9 times) | 25 (62.5%) | 16 (66.7%) | 9 (56.2%) | ||||||
High (≥10-14 times) | 15 (37.5%) | 8 (33.3%) | 7 (43.8%) | ||||||
Lifetime camping experiences (N[%]) | |||||||||
Low (≤1 time) | 31 (77.5%) | 17 (70.8%) | 14 (87.5%) | ||||||
High (>1 time) | 9 (22.5%) | 7 (29.2%) | 2 (12.5%) | ||||||
Pre | Post | p | Pre | Post | p | Pre | Post | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sleep (M[SD]) | 7.3(0.9) | 6.8(1.5) | .085 | 7.4(1.0) | 7.2(1.2) | .60 | 7.2(0.8) | 6.3(1.7) | .050 |
Physical activity (M[SD]) | 47.4(53.8) | 40.0(24.3) | .34 | 45.2(60.3) | 34.7(19.5) | .37 | 50.6(43.8) | 48.1(28.9) | .76 |
Worry (M[SD]) | 52.0(13.8) | 50.2(15.1) | .13 | 52.0(16.4) | 47.9(17.4) | .006 | 52.1(9.1) | 53.5(10.7) | .49 |
Panic (M[SD]) | 25.5(7.2) | 23.0(7.1) | .052 | 26.6(8.0) | 22.6(6.6) | .012 | 23.7(5.7) | 23.8(8.1) | .99 |
Depressive symptoms (M[SD]) | 50.8(13.0) | 52.2(12.3) | .44 | 50.1(14.3) | 50.8(12.6) | .77 | 52.0(11.0) | 54.4(11.9) | .34 |
Rumination (M[SD]) | 37.9(7.7) | 39.2(6.7) | .11 | 37.7(8.0) | 39.1(7.2) | .15 | 52.1(9.1) | 39.3(6.0) | .45 |
