Table 2 Regressing mental health changes on daily virtual nature exposure (N = 40).

From: Daily exposure to virtual nature reduces symptoms of anxiety in college students

 

Δ Worry

Δ Panic

Δ Depressive symptoms

Δ Rumination

M1

M2

M1

M2

M1

M2

M1

M2

β

p

β

p

β

p

β

p

β

p

β

p

β

p

β

p

Female

 − 0.07

0.70

 − 0.14

0.39

0.01

0.93

 − 0.05

0.78

0.19

0.26

0.19

0.28

0.21

0.22

0.22

0.21

COVID semester

0.01

0.97

0.13

0.52

0.14

0.53

0.24

0.27

 − 0.19

0.36

 − 0.19

0.40

0.10

0.64

0.08

0.72

Δ Sleep

 − 0.07

0.73

 − 0.03

0.87

 − 0.07

0.74

 − 0.04

0.86

0.02

0.92

0.02

0.92

0.20

0.33

0.20

0.35

Δ Physical activity

0.03

0.88

0.06

0.72

0.00

0.98

0.03

0.86

0.12

0.45

0.13

0.46

 − 0.09

0.60

 − 0.09

0.58

Virtual nature

  

 − 0.41

0.018**

  

 − 0.33

0.058

  

 − 0.02

0.93

  

0.07

0.69

R2/adj. R2

0.011/ − 0.10

0.16/0.041

0.036/ − 0.074

0.13/0.006

0.075/ − 0.031

0.075/ − 0.061

0.082/ − 0.023

0.087/ − 0.048

  1. M1 = Model 1, which provides a base model without the virtual nature intervention; M2 = Model 2, which adds the virtual nature intervention to the base model; **p < .01, p < .10.