Table 3 Univariate analysis of risk factors associated with oxygen desaturation of SpO2 < 90%.

From: Phase II study comparing nasal pressure monitoring with capnography during invasive endoscopic procedures: a single-center, single-arm trial

Variables

SpO2 < 90%

SpO2 190%

p

OR (95% CI)

(n = 12)

(n = 31)

Sex, male

8 (66.7%)

20 (64.5%)

0.851

1.15 (0.27–4.99)

Age (years), mean ± SD

68.9 (10.6)

69.1 (13.8)

0.845

1.00 (0.94–1.05)

Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD

24.7 (4.5)

22.9 (3.8)

0.18

1.13 (0.94–1.36)

Endoscopic treatment

 ESD

1 (8.3%)

4 (12.9%)

0.97

–

 ERCP

8 (66.7%)

20 (64.5%)

0.846

0.86 (0.18–4.04)

 EUS-FNA

5 (41.7%)

7 (22.6%)

0.12

0.30 (0.07–1.37)

 DBE

2 (16.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0.976

–

Smoking (current and previous)

7 (58.3%)

20 (64.5%)

0.851

1.15 (0.27–4.99)

Alcohol abuse

0 (0%)

7 (22.6%)

0.954

–

Allergies

6 (50.0%)

6 (19.4%)

0.023

0.17 (0.04–0.79)

Past history

 Ischemic heart disease

0 (0%)

1 (3.2%)

0.983

–

 Hypertension

4 (33.3%)

15 (48.4%)

0.585

1.50 (0.35–6.42)

 Dyslipidemia

2 (16.7%)

5 (16.1%)

0.81

0.80 (0.13–4.95)

 Diabetes

3 (25.0%)

9 (29.0%)

1

1.00 (0.21–4.77)

 COPD or Asthma

1 (8.3%)

3 (9.7%)

0.731

0.64 (0.05–7.95)

Regular medication

 Sleeping drug

0 (0%)

2 (6.7%)

0.976

–

 Antipsychotic

0 (0%)

1 (3.3%)

0.983

–

 Anxiolytic

0 (0%)

0 (0.0%)

–

–

 Antihypertensive drug

4 (40.0%)

15 (50.0%)

0.585

1.50 (0.35–6.42)

ASA class

 1

9 (75.0%)

6 (19.4%)

Ref

–

 2

3 (25.0%)

25 (80.6%)

0.004

11.66 (2.22–61.26)

 3

0 (0%)

0 (0.0%)

–

–

CXR abnormalities

4 (33.3%)

6 (19.4%)

0.515

1.72 (0.34–8.68)

STOP-Bang questionnaire 13

12 (100.0%)

19 (61.3%)

0.938

–

Mallampati score 13

5 (41.7%)

19 (61.3%)

0.581

1.50 (0.36–6.32)

Excess neck soft tissue

8 (66.7%)

16 (51.6%)

0.361

0.49 (0.11–2.26)

Baseline systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD

130.5 (19.1)

128.7 (17.6)

0.689

0.99 (0.95–1.03)

Baseline oxygen saturation (%), mean ± SD

97.5 (0.8)

97.4 (1.1)

0.513

1.29 (0.61–2.73)

Baseline heart rate (beats/min), mean ± SD

75.9 (13.6)

70.4 (11.9)

0.154

1.05 (0.98–1.11)

Total propofol dose (mg), mean ± SD

264.9 (147.4)

233.5 (138.3)

0.339

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

Total fentanil dose (μg), mean ± SD

141.8 (96.0)

112.5 (53.4)

0.17

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

Procedure time (min), mean ± SD

75.2 (28.5)

61.5 (29.3)

0.112

1.02 (1.00–1.05)

  1. Qualitative data are presented as n (%). The STOP-Bang questionnaire consists of eight dichotomous (Yes/No) questions: (1) snoring, (2) daytime tiredness, (3) observed apnea, (4) high blood pressure, (5) body mass index ≥ 30, (6) age ≥ 50 years, (7) neck circumference ≥ 40 cm, and (8) male sex. The total score ranges from 0 to 8.
  2. ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CXR chest X-ray, DBE double-balloon enteroscopy, ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ESD endoscopic submucosal dissection, EUS-FNA endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration, OR odds ratio, SD standard deviation, SpO2 peripheral capillary oxygen saturation.
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