Table 1 Applications of interest for lithium-ion second-life batteries from electric vehicles in low- and middle-income countries.
From: Second-life battery systems for affordable energy access in Kenyan primary schools
Application | Suitability to lithium-ion second-life batteries | Battery capacity at end of second life |
|---|---|---|
Light mobility (e.g., scooters, quad bikes) | Do not require long-distance range; high-end power and intense cycling requirements. However, these vehicles are smaller than EVs so may be difficult to retrofit in SLBs from EVs; high demands on weight/power density | 40–60% (highly dependent on vehicle and usage) |
Single building power supply | More flexible size and weight requirements than light mobility; often less taxing power requirements; often not the sole and critical power supply point (e.g., house also has solar PV or grid connection) | 35–40% |
Micro- and mini-grids | Least sensitive to weight and space (i.e., since housed in a central, purpose-built facility); can use larger numbers of lower capacity batteries to be combined in series to provide the desired capacity for the system | 35% |
