Table 3 Economic and technical assumptions for techno-economic analysis.
From: Second-life battery systems for affordable energy access in Kenyan primary schools
Parameter | New batteries | Second-life batteries | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
SOC minimum | 10% | 20% | |
SOC maximum | 90% | 80% | |
Self-discharge rate | 0.001% | 0.01% | |
Lifetime (years) | 13 | 5 | |
Inflation | 5.5% | ||
Discount rate | 5% | ||
Annual PV degradation | 0.5% | ||
Annual battery degradation | 2.0% | 2.6% | |
Cost of batteries ($/Wh) | 0.283 | 0.040–0.096 | |
Cost of PV ($/W) | 1 | ||
Battery O&M cost ($/kWh) | 1.16 | 2.17 | |
PV O&M cost ($/kW) | 9 | ||
O&M escalator | 2% | ||
Transportation cost ($/kWh) | 28.02 | ||
