Table 3 Associations between handgrip strength and augmentation index in the multiple regression models.

From: Handgrip strength is inversely associated with augmentation index in patients with type 2 diabetes

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

β

p

β

p

β

p

Age

0.336

< 0.001

0.322

< 0.001

0.206

0.042

Gender

 Men

− 0.243

< 0.001

− 0.205

0.004

− 0.176

0.045

 Women (reference)

–

–

–

–

–

–

Duration of diabetes

− 0.147

0.002

− 0.227

< 0.001

− 0.215

0.005

BMI

− 0.027

0.59

− 0.016

0.80

− 0.060

0.44

Smoking habit

0.088

0.064

0.158

0.008

  

Exercise habit

–

–

0.067

0.24

0.078

0.25

HbA1c

–

–

− 0.046

0.42

− 0.028

0.70

LDL-C/HDL-C

–

–

0.050

0.40

− 0.056

0.43

eGFR

–

–

–

–

0.125

0.15

BNP

–

–

–

–

0.060

0.41

cSBP

–

–

–

–

0.342

< 0.001

HGS

− 0.147

0.019

− 0.205

0.008

− 0.270

0.006

  1. BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; cSBP, central systolic blood pressure; HGS, handgrip strength. Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes, and smoking habit. Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes, smoking habit, exercise habit, HbA1c, and LDL-C/HDL-C. Model 3: age, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes, smoking habit, exercise habit, HbA1c, LDL-C/HDL-C, eGFR, BNP, and cSBP.
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