Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Synergistic effect of sulfonation followed by precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate on the bone-bonding strength of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone

Figure 5

In vivo study. (a) Schematic illustration of a Japanese white rabbit and the removed femur and tibia bones which includes the substrate after sacrifice. (b) The extracted block, cut from the tibia bone, including a substrate. (c) The apparatus for the detaching test. (d,e) Reconstruction of a 3D model using around 1500 μ-CT image slices taken from the extracted block. 3D-model shows new bone (blue), within 1 mm on the surface of the substrate (purple). (f) An illustration depicting a region in contact vs the one not in contact. (g) Four histological slices taken from the block. (h) Bonding strength. (i) Bone volume/total volume (BV/TV, %), (j) mean bone mineral density (Mean BMD, g cm−3). (k) Trabecular thickness (Trab. Th, mm2), and (l) bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV, %), based on (d,e) evaluation. (m) Bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio (%), based (f) quantification. The symbol ‘‘*” indicates p < 0.05 and ‘‘**” indicates p < 0.01.

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