Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies in this systematic review. KM: keratinized mucosa.
Study | Type | Number of patients/implants | Type of prosthesis | Average follow-up (year) | Prevalence of peri-implantitis (Patient-level) (%) | Prevalence of peri-implantitis (Implant-level) (%) | Keratinized mucosa cutoff point | Odds Ratio (implant- level) (95% CI) | Effect of KM on peri-implantitis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alhakeem 2022 | Cross-sectional | 88/186 | Fixed | 7.3 | – | 9.6 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | 14.94 (4.12–54.14) | Lack of KM is associated with peri-implantitis |
Vilarrasa 2021 | Cross-sectional | 169/311 | Fixed | Minimum of 1 year | 22.5 | 17.7 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | 4.85 (1.54–15.20) | Lack of KM is associated with peri-implantitis |
Gharpure 2021 | Cross-sectional | 63/193 | Fixed | 1 year to > 10 years | – | 19.17 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | 1.55 (0.73–3.27) | Lack of KM is associated with peri-implantitis |
Gunpinar 2020 | Cross-sectional | 382/1415 | Fixed/removable | 3.79 | 36.9 | 21.7 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | 8.013 (3.494–18.380) | Lack of KM is associated with peri-implantitis |
Wada 2019 | Cross-sectional (retrospective) | 543/1613 | Fixed/removable | 5.8 | 15.8 | 9.2 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | 2.32 (1.29–4.16) | Lack of KM is associated with peri-implantitis |
Atieh 2019 | Cross-sectional (retrospective) | 188/423 | Fixed | 8.1 | 10.1 | 5.4 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | 6.29 (0.58–68.42) | Not significant |
Romandini 2019 | Cross-sectional | 52/252 | Overdenture on 4 implants | 8.82 | 48.1 | 31.3 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | Not significant | |
Kumar 2018 | Cross-sectional | 86/222 | Fixed | Minimum of 5 years | 62.3 | 58.1 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | 2.8 (0.6–17.5) | Not significant |
Matarazzo 2018 | Cross-sectional | 211/748 | Fixed | 3.5 | 39.8 | 20.5 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | 1.658 (1.062–2.589) | Lack of KM is associated with peri-implantitis |
Dalago 2017 | Cross-sectional | 183/916 | Fixed | 5.64 | 16.4 | 7.3 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | 1.69 (0.82–3.47) | Not significant |
Ferreira 2015 | Cross-sectional | 192/725 | – | 4.02 | 8.33 | 9.39 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | 1.52 (0.86–2.70) | Not significant |
Canullo 2015 | Cross-sectional | 534/1507 | Fixed | Healthy: 5 Peri-implantitis: 5.9 | 10.3 | 7.3 | < 2 mm or ≥ 2 mm | 2.97 (1.67–5.31) | Lack of KM is associated with peri-implantitis |
Vignoletti 2019 | Cross-sectional | 237/831 | Fixed/removable | 4.7 | 35 | 17.1 | < 1 mm or ≥ 1 mm | 2.48 (0.46–13.38) | Lack of KM is associated with peri-implantitis |
Poli 2016 | Cross-sectional | 103/421 | Fixed/removable | – | 4.5 | < 1 mm or ≥ 1 mm | 3.99 (1.15–13.82) | Lack of KM is associated with peri-implantitis | |
Blume 2020 | Cohort | 145 implants | Fixed/removable | 8.51 12.46 | 40.5 | 41.37 | Presence/absence | 4.489 (1.288–15.649) | Lack of KM is associated with peri-implantitis |
Ahn 2019 | Cross-sectional | 111/209 | Fixed/removable | Minimum of 7 years | – | 16.7 | Presence/absence | Presence of KM: 1.007 (0.384–2.638) | Not significant |
Rokn 2017 | Cross-sectional | 134/478 | Fixed | 4.43 | 20.1 | 8.8 | Presence (≥ 0.5 mm)/absence | 3.89 (2.34–5.98) | Lack of KM is associated with peri-implantitis |
Schwarz 2017 | Cross-sectional | 238/512 | Fixed/removable | 2.2 | 13.9 | 7.6 | Presence/absence | 1.74 (0.69–4.37) | Not significant |
Koldsland 2011 | Cross-sectional | 109/354 | Fixed/removable | 8.4 | 20.4 | 11.4 | Presence/absence | 3.61 (1.31–9.92) | Not significant |
Roos-Jansåker 2006 | Cohort | 218/982 | Fixed/removable | 9–14 | 6.68 | 6.72 | Presence/absence | 0.61 (0.36–1.03) | Not significant (Presence of KM was associated with more bone loss) |
Canullo 2016 | Cross-sectional | 56/332 | Fixed | Healthy 6.48 Peri-implantitis 5.94 | – | 37.6 | Mean KMW healthy implants = 1.96 mm, Peri-implantitis = 1.96 mm | – | Not significant |
Pimentel 2018 | Cross-sectional | 147/490 | Fixed | 300 implants < 5 years 190 implants > 5 years | 19.1 | 9.2 | ≤ 2 mm or ≥ 3 mm | 0.50 (0.27–0.92) | Presence of keratinized mucosa is associated with peri-implantitis |
