Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: The propensity to sign-track is associated with externalizing behavior and distinct patterns of reward-related brain activation in youth

Figure 2

Violin plots illustrating phenotypic differences in externalizing behaviors. Plotted results of two-sided Welch two-sample t-tests measuring mean differences between phenotypes on parent-reported externalizing behaviors. ST = sign-trackers (n = 19); non-ST = non-sign-trackers (n = 21). p < .01**, p < .05* (a–c) Scores from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) subscales log transformed. (a) Scores from the CBCL DSM-oriented subscale for attention deficit/hyperactive problems. (b) Scores from the CBCL DSM-oriented subscale for oppositional defiance. (c) Scores from the CBCL subscale for social problems including items relating to jealousy, not getting along with others, and not being liked by others. (d–f) Items from the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ). (d) Scores from the EATQ fear subscale address unpleasant affect related to anticipation of distress. (e) Scores on the inhibitory control subscale of the EATQ address the capacity to plan and suppress inappropriate responses. (f) Negative affect from the EATQ is a composite score of aggression, depression, and frustration subscales.

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