Table 5 Evaluation results of our land change simulations.

From: CLUMondo-BNU for simulating land system changes based on many-to-many demand–supply relationships with adaptive conversion orders

Study area

Experiment

Kappa

Total disagreement

Sichuan

Benchmark

0.4287

0.5047

Comparative

0.8656

0.1169

Henan

Benchmark

0.6475

0.2824

Comparative

0.6823

0.2535