Table 3 Diagnostic performance of the ‘Fluidigm’ high-throughput BioMark HD nano-fluidic real-time qPCR Fluidigm.

From: Optimization of a high-throughput nanofluidic real-time PCR to detect and quantify of 15 bacterial species and 92 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes

Serogroup/type

Sensitivity (%)

Specificity (%)

Correctly classified (%)

ROC AUC*

Cohen’s Kappa

Concordant samples

Discordant Fluidigm

Discordant Quellung

p-value†

1

66.7

99.4

99.4

0.83

Fair (0.40)

4

10

2

0.039

3

88.5

98.4

98.3

0.93

Moderate (0.57)

23

30

3

< 0.001

4

100

99.0

99.0

1.00

Moderate (0.48)

9

19

0

< 0.001

5

100

97.5

97.5

0.99

Fair (0.24)

8

49

0

< 0.001

6A

92.9

98.8

98.4

0.96

Excellent (0.88)

131

22

10

0.050

6B

91.7

95.9

95.7

0.94

Good (0.72)

122

74

11

< 0.001

6C

100

99.9

100

1.00

Excellent (0.91)

5

1

0

1.00

7A/F

100

99.9

99.9

1.00

Moderate (0.50)

1

2

0

0.500

7B/C/40

70.0

99.5

99.2

0.85

Good (0.65)

14

9

6

0.607

8

100

99.6

99.7

1.00

Good (0.67)

6

6

0

0.031

9A/V

93.1

99.3

99.2

0.96

Good (0.78)

27

13

2

0.007

9L/N

90.0

99.7

99.7

0.95

Good (0.75)

9

5

1

0.219

10A

87.5

99.5

99.5

0.94

Good (0.73)

14

8

2

0.109

11A/D

85.4

99.0

98.7

0.92

Good (0.73)

35

19

6

0.015

11B/C

100

99.9

99.9

1.00

Moderate (0.50)

1

2

0

0.500

12A/F/44

100

99.3

99.3

1.00

Moderate (0.60)

10

13

0

< 0.001

13

96.8

99.1

99.1

0.98

Good (0.78)

30

16

1

< 0.001

14

86.6

97.6

97.3

0.92

Good (0.67)

58

45

9

< 0.001

15A/F

94.1

99.3

99.3

0.97

Good (0.71)

16

12

1

0.003

15B/C

88.9

99.0

98.6

0.94

Excellent (0.84)

80

18

10

0.185

16F

96.2

98.9

98.9

0.98

Excellent (0.82)

51

20

2

< 0.001

17F

96.6

99.1

99.1

0.98

Good (0.76)

28

16

1

< 0.001

18C

94.4

99.9

99.9

0.97

Excellent (0.92)

17

2

1

1.00

19A

94.4

97.2

97.2

0.96

Good (0.74)

85

51

5

< 0.001

19B

88.9

97.7

97.7

0.93

Fair (0.26)

8

44

1

< 0.001

19F

96.5

95.7

95.8

0.96

Good (0.80)

195

75

7

< 0.001

20

85.2

99.4

99.2

0.92

Good (0.75)

23

11

4

0.119

21

100

99.7

99.8

1.00

Excellent (0.81)

11

5

0

0.063

22F

85.7

100

100

0.93

Excellent (0.92)

6

0

1

1.00

23A

58.8

97.8

97.5

0.78

Fair (0.28)

10

42

7

< 0.001

23B

81.3

99.3

98.9

0.90

Good (0.77)

39

13

9

0.524

23F

84.2

96.6

95.8

0.90

Good (0.71)

112

62

21

< 0.001

25A/F

100

99.8

99.9

1.00

Fair (0.40)

1

3

0

0.250

29

50.0

99.5

99.5

0.75

Poor (0.18)

1

8

1

0.039

31

100

99.4

99.5

1.00

Good (0.64)

9

10

0

0.002

33A/F

100

99.4

99.4

1.00

Moderate (0.42)

4

11

0

0.001

33B

50.0

99.7

99.7

0.75

Fair (0.22)

1

6

1

0.125

34

97.7

99.5

99.5

0.99

Excellent (0.89)

43

9

1

0.022

35A/C/42

73.3

98.9

98.7

0.86

Moderate (0.46)

11

21

4

< 0.001

35B

100

99.2

99.3

1.00

Good (0.65)

13

14

0

< 0.001

35F

83.3

99.3

99.3

0.91

Moderate (0.41)

5

13

1

0.002

38

91.7

99.1

99.1

0.95

Moderate (0.55)

11

17

1

< 0.001

  1. There were no samples for which serotypes 2; 10B; 10C/F; 17A; 18A; 18B; 18F; 22A; 24A/B/F; 28A/F; 33D; 36; 37; 41; 43; 45; 47A/F and 48 were detected with the referent standard Quellung method for comparison of diagnostic performance.
  2. *ROC AUC: Receiver operator curve, area under curve, †McNemar’s Test.
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