Table 2 Relationship of four inflammatory cytokine signals by skin blotting method with IFSAT scores, severe facial skin problems, forehead erythema, forehead papules, and forehead dryness (n = 96).

From: Relationship between facial skin problems with a focus on inflammatory cytokines and the presence of Malassezia in 1-month-old infants

 

Total (n = 96)

IFSAT scores (n = 96)

Severe facial skin problems (n = 55, 57.3%)

Forehead erythema (n = 16, 16.7%)

Forehead papules (n = 46, 47.9%)

Forehead dryness (n = 7, 7.3%)

n

(%)

ρ

p-value

n

(%)

p-value

n

(%)

p-value

n

(%)

p-value

n

(%)

p-value

IL-4 signal

  

− 0.164

0.111||

  

0.222

  

0.355

  

0.629

  

0.465††

 Positive

40

(41.7)

  

20

(50.0)

 

5

(12.5)

 

18

(45.0)

 

2

(5.0)

 

 Negative

56

(58.3)

  

35

(62.5)

 

11

(19.6)

 

28

(50.0)

 

5

(8.9)

 

IL-6 signal

  

0.046

0.660||

  

0.879

  

0.467††

  

0.635

  

0.292††

 Positive

25

(26.0)

  

14

(56.0)

 

3

(12.0)

 

13

(52.0)

 

3

(12.0)

 

 Negative

71

(74.0)

  

41

(57.7)

 

13

(18.3)

 

33

(46.5)

 

4

(5.6)

 

IL-8 signal

  

0.279

0.006||

  

0.006

  

0.715

  

0.043

  

0.612††

 Positive

46

(47.9)

  

33

(71.7)

 

7

(15.2)

 

27

(58.7)

 

4

(8.7)

 

 Negative

50

(52.1)

  

22

(44.0)

 

9

(18.0)

 

19

(38.0)

 

3

(6.0)

 

IL-17 signal

  

− 0.049

0.639||

  

0.664

  

0.422

  

0.524

  

0.971††

 Positive

68

(70.8)

  

38

(55.9)

 

10

(14.7)

 

34

(50.0)

 

5

(7.4)

 

 Negative

28

(29.2)

  

17

(60.7)

 

6

(21.4)

 

12

(42.9)

 

2

(7.1)

 
  1. Significant values are in bold.
  2. Infant facial skin visual assessment tool (score 0–53), ≥ 8 points in case of infant facial skin visual assessment tool, §Interquartile range (25% tile–75% tile), ||Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, Chi-square test, ††Fisher’s exact test.
  3. IFSAT infant facial skin visual assessment tool, IL interleukin.