Table 1 COVID-19’s clinical parameters and infectious characteristics used in this work.

\(R_0\)

Basic reproduction number

3.50

Average from 10 researches^{42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51}

p

Fraction of asymptomatic infections

15%

Minimal value from 5 researches^{13,14,14,16,17}

\(f_P(d)\)

Distribution of during length of presymptomatic state

Logarithmic normal distribution with \(\mu _P=1.43\) and \(\sigma _P=0.66\)

Fitted value from clinical data of³⁴

\(f_{I}(d)\)

Distribution of during length of symptomatic state

Normal distribution with \(\mu _{I}=8.8\) and \(\sigma _{I}=3.88\)

Fitted value from clinical data of³⁴

\(f_{A}(d)\)

Distribution of during length of asymptomatic state

Normal distribution with \(\mu _{A}=20.0\) and \(\sigma _{A}=5.0\)

\(\mu _{A}\) is estimated from clinical data of³⁵