Figure 4

Spiny waterflea survival at different (a) immersion temperatures, (b) air-drying durations, and (c) combined temperature plus air-drying. Groups sharing the same letter indicators were not significantly different from one another based on pairwise Tukey HSD test. White, light blue, and dark grey boxes correspond to immersion durations of 2 s, 5 s, and 10 s, respectively, in panel a, and to water temperatures of 25 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C in panel c.